Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 January 2016
Duel p-block element doped carbon nanomaterial is a new kind of metal-freebifunctional catalysts for fuel cells and metal-air batteries because of theirlow-cost and high efficiency compared to traditional noble metals and theiralloys. To optimize co-doped catalysts, we studied the interactions of dopantson the doped graphene and their effect on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) andoxygen evolution reaction (OER). It is found that the interactions between N andX (P, B, S) occur within a distance of ∼0.5 nm, and beyond thedistance their interactions are limited while the interactions between N and Cltake places beyond the distance of ∼0.5 nm.