Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:46:10.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

LENS manufactured γ-TNB turbine blade using Laser “in situ” alloying approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 January 2020

Monnamme Tlotleng Open the ORCID record for Monnamme Tlotleng [Opens in a new window]  and
Sisa Pityana
Monnamme Tlotleng*
Affiliation:
Additive Manufacturing Research Group, Laser Enabled Manufacturing. NLC CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa. MTlotleng@csir.co.za
Sisa Pityana
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering Science. UJ, Auckland Park Campus, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa. daopase@gmail.com
*
*(Email: MTlotleng@csir.co.za)
Get access

Abstract:

A hollow γ-TNB turbine blade was 3D printed in this studying using the –R Optomec LENS machine from the elemental powders of aluminium, niobium and titanium making use of the laser “in situ” alloying approaching. The printed blade was characterised of a nearly lamellar β microstructure in the As-built state. The microstructure of the blade post heat treated was characterised of grain growth and coarsening and the formation of the γ phase which was of the result of the transformation of β. This transformation was also observed in the As-built state and is reported here for the first time. A massive crack that was observed half-way through in the built was attributed to the thermal shocks that are experienced by the almost immediately after manufacturing. The EDS and Map taken on the As-built and heat treated samples conclude that there was no segregation in the alloying element during manufacturing and that the blade was of the dual phase. Hardness results indicated the heat treated sample was 91 HV0.5 lower in hardness when compared to the As-built component. The successful print of this hollow blade indicate that γ-TNB and other Ti-Al alloys can be printed with the LENS but if a crack free sample was to be achieved the set-up had to be manipulated or addition resources must be added to adapt the set-up. Meanwhile the successes of this study show that LENS is going to be considered as a cost-effective manufacturing tool in the future for 3D printing Ti-Al and other metallic structure that would have improved properties when compared to traditional manufacturing technique such as casting and the powder bed systems.

Keywords

Aladditive manufacturing3D printinglaserTl
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Advances , Volume 5 , Issue 23-24: African Materials Research Society 2019 , 2020 , pp. 1203 - 1213
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References:

Froes, FH, Suryanarayana, C, and Eliezer, D, Production, Characteristics, and Commercialization of titanium aluminides: Review, ISIJ International, 1991, 31 (10), 1235-1248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nochovnaya, NA, Panin, PV, Kochetkov, AS and Bokov, KA, Modern refractory alloys based on titanium gamma-aluminide: Prospects of development and application, Metal Science and Heat Treatment, 2014, 56 (7-8), 364-367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clemens, A, Bartels, A, Bystrzanowski, S, Chladil, H, Leitner, H, Dehm, G, Gerling, R, and Schimansky, FP, Grain refinement in γ-TiAl based alloys by solid state phase transformations, Intermetallics, 2006, 14, 1380-1385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kothari, K, Radhakrishnan, R and Wereley, NM, Advances in gamma titanium aluminides and their manufacturing techniques, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2012, 55, 1-16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, M, Malot, T and Aubry, P, Laser metal deposition of the intermetallic TiAl alloy, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 48A, 2017, 3134-3157.Google Scholar
Wu, X and Hu, D, Microstructural refinement in cast TiAl alloys by solid state transformation, Scripta Materialia, 2005, 25, 731-734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, CT, Wright, JL and Deevi, SC, Microstructure and properties of a hot-extruded TiAl containing no Cr, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2002, 329-331, 416-423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, YH, Lin, JP, He, YH, Lu, X, Wang, YL and Chen, GL, Microstructure and mechanical properties of high Nb containing TiAl alloys by reactive hot pressing, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2008, 461, 637-372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerling, R, Aust, E, Limberg, W, Pfuff, M and Schimansky, FP, Metal injection moulding of gamma titanium aluminide alloy powder, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2006, 423, 262-268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehghan-Manshadi, A, StJohn, D, Dargusch, M, Chen, Y, Sun, JF and Qian, M, Metal injection moulding of non-spherical titanium powders: Processing, microstructure and mechanical properties, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2018, 31, p 416-423, in English.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rittinghaus, S-K, Hecht, U, Werner, V and Weisheit, A, Heat treatment of laser metal deposition TiAl TNM Alloy, Intermetallics, 2018, 95, 94-101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tlotleng, M, Masina, B and Pityana, S, Characteristics of laser In-situ alloyed titanium aluminides coatings, Procedia Manufacturing, 2017, 7, 39-45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tlotleng, M, Microstructural properties of heat-treated LENS in situ additively manufactured titanium aluminide, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2019, 28 (2), 701-708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasper, AND, Catchpole, S and Clare, AT, In-situ synthesis of titanium aluminides by direct metal deposition, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2017, 239, 230-239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shishkovsky, I, Missemer, F and Smurov, I, Direct metal deposition of functional graded strctures in Ti-Al system, Physics Procedia, 2012, 39, 382-391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lobër, L, Schimansky, FP, Kuhn, U, Pyczak, F and Eckert, J, Selective laser melting of a beta solidification TNM-B1 titanium aluminide alloy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2014, 214, 1852-1860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clemens, H, Wallgram, W, Kremmer, S, Guther, V. Otto, A and Bartels, A, Design of novel β-solidifying TiAl alloys with adjustable β/B2-Phase fraction and excellent hot-workability, Advanced Engineering Materials, 2008, 10 (8), 707-713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharman, ARC, Hughes, JI and Ridgway, K, Characterisation of titanium aluminide components manufactured by laser metal deposition, Intermetallics, 2018, 93, 89-92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gussone, J, Hagedorn, Y-C, Gherekhloo, H, Kasperovich, G, Merzouk, T and Hausmann, J, Microstructure of γ-titanium aluminide processed by selective laser melting at elevated temperatures, Intermetallics, 2015, 66, 133-140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brueckner, A, Seidel, A, Straubel, A, Willner, R, Leyens, C and Beyer, E, Laser-based manufacturing of components using materials with high cracking susceptibility, Journal of Laser Applications, 2016, 28 (2), 1-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duarte, A, Viana, F and Santos, HMCM, As-cast titanium aluminides microstructure modification, Materials Research, 1999, 2 (3), 191-195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar