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Lignin-Derived Carbon Fibers as Efficient Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalysts for Esterification of Oleic Acid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 June 2018

Shiba Adhikari ,
Zach Hood ,
Nidia Gallego  and
Cristian Contescu
Shiba Adhikari*
Affiliation:
Material Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN37831
Zach Hood
Affiliation:
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN37831 School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
Nidia Gallego
Affiliation:
Material Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN37831
Cristian Contescu*
Affiliation:
Material Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN37831
*
*Correspondence to adhikarisp@ornl.gov or contescuci@ornl.gov
*Correspondence to adhikarisp@ornl.gov or contescuci@ornl.gov
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Abstract

The production of biodiesel by the esterification of oleic acid, as an example of free fatty acid (FFA), was explored by using a new solid acid catalyst derived from lignin, a highly abundant low-cost biomass material. The catalyst was synthesized from lignin-derived carbon fiber by straightforward sulfonation and contains 1.86 mmol/g of sulfonic acid (-SO3H) groups. The catalyst was characterized by a variety of techniques including PXRD, TGA, TPD-MS, SEM, and XPS to understand the surface chemistry and the result of sulfonation. It was found that the sulfonated lignin-derived carbon fiber (CF-SO3H) catalyst was very efficient at esterifying oleic acid at 80 oC in 4 hours, with 10 wt. % catalyst (in terms of oleic acid content) and at a 10:1 molar ratio of methanol: oleic acid with a yield of 92%. Furthermore, the catalyst can be reused with no significant loss in activity after 4 cycles. Hence, synthesizing solid acid catalysts from lignin-derived carbon fiber affords a novel strategy for producing biodiesel via ‘green chemistry’.

Keywords

energy generationfossil fuelheterogenoussurface chemistry
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Advances , Volume 3 , Issue 47-48: Nanomaterials , 2018 , pp. 2865 - 2873
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

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