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Materials challenges in rechargeable lithium-air batteries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2014

D.G. Kwabi ,
N. Ortiz-Vitoriano ,
S.A. Freunberger ,
Y. Chen ,
N. Imanishi ,
P.G. Bruce  and
Y. Shao-Horn
D.G. Kwabi
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; dkwabi@mit.edu
N. Ortiz-Vitoriano
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; nagore@mit.edu
S.A. Freunberger
Affiliation:
Graz University of Technology, Austria; freunberger@tugraz.at
Y. Chen
Affiliation:
University of St. Andrews, UK; yc21@st-andrews.ac.uk
N. Imanishi
Affiliation:
Mie University, Japan; imanishi@chem.mie-u.ac.jp
P.G. Bruce
Affiliation:
University of St. Andrews, UK; pgb1@st-andrews.ac.uk
Y. Shao-Horn
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; shaohorn@mit.edu
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Abstract

Lithium-air batteries have received extraordinary attention recently owing to their theoretical gravimetric energies being considerably higher than those of Li-ion batteries. There are, however, significant challenges to practical implementation, including low energy efficiency, cycle life, and power capability. These are due primarily to the lack of fundamental understanding of oxygen reduction and evolution reaction kinetics and parasitic reactions between oxygen redox intermediate species and nominally inactive battery components such as carbon in the oxygen electrode and electrolytes. In this article, we discuss recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of oxygen redox reactions in nonaqueous electrolytes and the search for electrolytes and electrode materials that are chemically stable in the oxygen electrode. In addition, methods to protect lithium metal against corrosion by water and dendrite formation in aqueous lithium-air batteries are discussed. Further materials innovations lie at the heart of research and development efforts that are needed to enable the development of lithium-oxygen batteries with enhanced round-trip efficiency and cycle life.

Keywords

energy storagesurface chemistryLispectroscopymorphology
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 39 , Issue 5: Lithium Batteries and Beyond , May 2014 , pp. 443 - 452
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

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