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Lead-free piezoelectrics—The environmental and regulatory issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2018

Andrew J. Bell  and
Otmar Deubzer
Andrew J. Bell
Affiliation:
University of Leeds, UK; a.j.bell@leeds.ac.uk
Otmar Deubzer
Affiliation:
Fraunhofer IZM, Germany; otmar.deubzer@izm.fraunhofer.de
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Abstract

The search for lead-free alternatives to Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) piezoelectric ceramics has become a major topic in functional materials research due to legislation in many countries that restricts the use of lead alloys and compounds in commercial products. This article examines both the necessity for regulation and the impacts those regulations have created in the context of piezoelectric materials. It reviews the toxicity of lead, describes current legislation to control the spread of lead in the environment, and attempts to define the risks associated with the manufacture, use, and disposal of lead-based piezoelectric materials. The consequences of current legislation, both intended and unintended, are examined.

Keywords

Pbpiezoelectricceramicwaste management
Type
Lead-free Piezoceramics
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 43 , Issue 8: Lead-free Piezoceramics , August 2018 , pp. 581 - 587
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

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