Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T10:09:44.916Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nanomaterials-based flexible and stretchable bioelectronics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2019

Jun-Kyul Song ,
Kyungsik Do ,
Ja Hoon Koo ,
Donghee Son  and
Dae-Hyeong Kim
Jun-Kyul Song
Affiliation:
School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; jksong0513@snu.ac.kr
Kyungsik Do
Affiliation:
School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; ksdo573@snu.ac.kr
Ja Hoon Koo
Affiliation:
Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; kooco84@snu.ac.kr
Donghee Son
Affiliation:
Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea; daniel3600@kist.re.kr
Dae-Hyeong Kim
Affiliation:
Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; dkim98@snu.ac.kr
Get access

Abstract

Conventional silicon-based electronics have faced challenges in the realization of soft bioelectronics, such as wearable and implantable integrated devices, which necessitate electrically and mechanically interactive biotic–abiotic interfacing without disturbing the daily life of the user or posing biocompatibility issues. Recently, much effort has been directed at overcoming the mechanical limitations of conventional rigid electronics by replacement of bulky, thick, and rigid electronic materials with biocompatible, soft, and nanoscale electronic materials, which exhibit intrinsic mechanical deformability as well as superior electrical properties. Recent advances in the synthesis of unconventional nanomaterials, surface functionalization methods, and integrated device fabrication techniques have resulted in further improvements in the performance of nanomaterials-based soft bioelectronics. Numerous studies have focused on the biological, electrical, and mechanical analyses of heterogeneous nanomaterial–biosystem interfaces as well as the development of efficient integration processes of soft nanomaterials into devices. In this article, we summarize the latest advances and future prospects in nanomaterials synthesis, processing, and integration strategies for flexible and stretchable bioelectronics, and their application to wearable and implantable devices.

Keywords

nanomaterialsflexible electronicsstretchable electronicsbiomedicalnanoscaleelectronic materialsdevices
Type
Technical Feature
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 44 , Issue 8: Joining of Dissimilar Lightweight Materials , August 2019 , pp. 643 - 656
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This article is based on the Symposium X (Frontiers of Materials Research) presentation given at the 2018 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Mass.

References

Sekitani, T., Zschieschang, U., Klauk, H., Someya, T., Nat. Mater. 9, 1015 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khodagholy, D., Doublet, T., Quilichini, P., Gurfinkel, M., Leleux, P., Ghestem, A., Ismailova, E., Herve, T., Sanaur, S., Bernard, C., Malliaras, G.G., Nat. Commun. 4, 1575 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kagan, C.R., Mitzi, D.B., Dimitrakopoulos, C.D., Science 286, 945 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, D.K., Lai, Y., Diroll, B.T., Murray, C.B., Kagan, C.R., Nat. Commun. 3, 1216 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Zhu, B., Yu, J., He, K., Leow, W.R., Wang, M., Chandran, B.K., Qi, D., Wang, H., Chen, G., Xu, C., Chen, X., Adv. Mater. 29, 1701780 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, J., Zhang, C., Duan, L., Zhang, L.M., Wang, L.D., Dong, G.F., Wang, Z.L., Adv. Mater. 28, 106 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, J., Yoo, B., Lee, H., Cha, G.D., Lee, H.-S., Cho, Y., Kim, S.Y., Seo, H., Lee, W., Son, D., Kang, M., Kim, H.M., Park, Y.I., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Mater. 29, 1603169 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, M.K., Yang, J., Kang, K., Kim, D.C., Choi, C., Park, C., Kim, S.J., Chae, S.I., Kim, T.-H., Kim, J.H., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Nat. Commun. 6, 7149 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, M.K., Yang, J., Kim, D.C., Dai, Z., Kim, J., Seung, H., Kale, V.S., Sung, S.J., Park, C.R., Lu, N., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Mater. 30, 1703279 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sekitani, T., Nakajima, H., Maeda, H., Fukushima, T., Aida, T., Hata, K., Someya, T., Nat. Mater. 8, 494 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, Z., Zhang, Q., Li, L., Chen, Q., Niu, X., Liu, J., Pei, Q., Adv. Mater. 23, 664 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J., Shim, H.J., Yang, J., Choi, M.K., Kim, D.C., Kim, J., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Mater. 29, 1700217 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, J., Kim, M., Lee, Y., Lee, H.S., Ko, H., Sci. Adv. 1, e1500661 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAlpine, M.C., Ahmad, H., Wang, D., Heath, J.R., Nat. Mater. 6, 379 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, M., Do, K., Kim, J., Son, D., Koo, J.H., Park, J., Song, J.-K., Kim, J.H., Lee, M., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Healthc. Mater. 4, 992 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pan, L., Liu, G., Shi, W., Shang, J., Leow, W.R., Liu, Y., Jiang, Y., Li, S., Chen, X., Li, R.W., Nat. Commun. 9, 3813 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jung, S., Hong, S., Kim, J., Lee, S., Hyeon, T., Lee, M., Kim, D.-H., Sci. Rep. 5, 17081 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jung, S., Lee, J., Hyeon, T., Lee, M., Kim, D.H., Adv. Mater. 26, 6329 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Y., Zhang, Y., Sun, H., Dong, X., Cao, J., Wang, L., Xu, Y., Ren, J., Hwang, Y., Son, I.H., Huang, X., Wang, Y., Peng, H., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 55, 14384 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siddiqui, S., Kim, D.-I., Roh, E., Duy, L.T., Trung, T.Q., Nguyen, M.T., Lee, N.-E., Nano Energy 30, 434 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ha, M., Park, J., Lee, Y., Ko, H., ACS Nano 4, 3421 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaltenbrunner, M., Sekitani, T., Reeder, J., Yokota, T., Kuribara, K., Tokuhara, T., Drack, M., Schwodiauer, R., Graz, I., Bauer-Gogonea, S., Bauer, S., Someya, T., Nature 499, 458 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, D.-H., Viventi, J., Amsden, J.J., Xiao, J., Vigeland, L., Kim, Y.-S., Blanco, J.A., Panilaitis, B., Frechette, E.S., Contreras, D., Kaplan, D.L., Omenetto, F.G., Huang, Y., Hwang, K.C., Zakin, M.R., Litt, B., Rogers, J.A., Nat. Mater. 9, 511 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jang, K.I., Chung, H.U., Xu, S., Lee, C.H., Luan, H., Jeong, J., Cheng, H., Kim, G.T., Han, S.Y., Lee, J.W., Kim, J., Cho, M., Miao, F., Yang, Y., Jung, H.N., Flavin, M., Liu, H., Kong, G.W., Yu, K.J., Rhee, S.I., Chung, J., Kim, B., Kwak, J.W., Yun, M.H., Kim, J.Y., Song, Y.M., Paik, U., Zhang, Y., Huang, Y., Rogers, J.A., Nat. Commun. 6, 6566 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, B., Lei, J., Qi, D., Liu, Z., Wang, Y., Xiao, G., Wu, J., Zhang, W., Huo, F., Chen, X., Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1801683 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, L., Yu, Y., Yan, C., Li, K., Zheng, Z., Nat. Commun. 6, 7260 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, D.-H., Lu, N., Huang, Y., Rogers, J.A., MRS Bull . 37, 226 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, J.A., Yeo, W.-H., Su, Y., Hattori, Y., Lee, W., Jung, S.-Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Cheng, H., Falgout, L., Bajema, M., Coleman, T., Gregoire, D., Larsen, R.J., Huang, Y., Rogers, J.A., Nat. Commun. 5, 3266 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoon, J., Jeong, Y., Kim, H., Yoo, S., Jung, H.S., Kim, Y., Hwang, Y., Hyun, Y., Hong, W.-K., Lee, B.H., Choa, S.-H., Ko, H.C., Nat. Commun. 7, 11477 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, P., Ham, J., Lee, J., Hong, S., Han, S., Suh, Y.D., Lee, S.E., Yeo, J., Lee, S.S., Lee, D., Ko, S.H., Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 5671 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, G., Matsuhisa, N., Liu, Z., Qi, D., Cai, P., Jiang, Y., Wan, C., Cui, Y., Leow, W.R., Liu, Z., Gong, S., Zhang, K.-Q., Cheng, Y., Chen, X., Adv. Mater. 30, 1800129 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, L., Yeo, J.C., Soon, R.H., Yeo, T., Lee, H.H., Lim, C.T., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 12773 (2018).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeo, W.-H., Kim, Y.-S., Lee, J., Ameen, A., Shi, L., Li, M., Wang, S., Ma, R., Jin, S.H., Kang, Z., Huang, Y., Rogers, J.A., Adv. Mater. 25, 2773 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, L., Gutbrod, S.R., Bonifas, A.P., Su, Y., Sulkin, M.S., Lu, N., Chung, H.-J., Jang, K.I., Liu, Z., Ying, M., Lu, C., Webb, R.C., Kim, J.S., Laughner, J.I., Cheng, H., Liu, Y., Ameen, A., Jeong, J.-W., Kim, G.-T., Huang, Y., Efimov, I.R., Rogers, J.A., Nat. Commun. 5, 3329 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Y., Kim, J., Koo, J.H., Kim, T.-H., Kim, D.-H., Korean J. Chem. Eng. 35, 1 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, M.K., Park, O.K., Choi, C., Qiao, S., Ghaffari, R., Kim, J., Lee, D.J., Kim, M., Hyun, W., Kim, S.J., Hwang, H.J., Kwon, S.-H., Hyeon, T., Lu, N., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Healthc. Mater. 5, 80 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, H., Song, C., Hong, Y.J., Kim, M.S., Cho, H.R., Kang, T., Shin, K., Choi, S.H., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Sci. Adv. 3, e1601314 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, P., Kuang, S., Panwar, N., Yang, G., Tng, D.J., Tjin, S.C., Ng, W.J., Majid, M.B., Zhu, G., Yong, K.-T., Wang, Z.L., Adv. Mater. 29, 1605668 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, Y.J., Jeong, H., Cho, K.W., Lu, N., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1808247 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, W., Emaminejad, S., Nyein, H.Y.Y., Challa, S., Chen, K., Peck, A., Fahad, H.M., Ota, H., Shiraki, H., Kiriya, D., Lien, D.-H., Brooks, G.A., Davis, R.W., Javey, A., Nature 529, 509 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tee, B.C.-K., Chortos, A., Berndt, A., Nguyen, A.K., Tom, A., McGuire, A., Lin, Z.C., Tien, K., Bae, W.-G., Wang, H., Mei, P., Chou, H.-H., Cui, B., Deisseroth, K., Ng, T.N., Bao, Z., Science 350, 313 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takei, K., Takahashi, T., Ho, J.C., Ko, H., Gillies, A.G., Leu, P.W., Fearing, R.S., Javey, A., Nat. Mater. 9, 821 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chortos, A., Liu, J., Bao, Z., Nat. Mater. 15, 937 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yokota, T., Zalar, P., Kaltenbrunner, M., Jinno, H., Matsuhisa, N., Kitanosako, H., Tachibana, Y., Yukita, W., Koizumi, M., Someya, T., Sci. Adv. 2, e1501856 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, S.I., Brenner, D.S., Shin, G., Morgan, C.D., Copits, B.A., Chung, H.U., Pullen, M.Y., Noh, K.N., Davidson, S., Oh, S.J., Yoon, J., Jang, K.-I., Samineni, V.K., Norman, M., Grajales-Reyes, J.G., Vogt, S.K., Sundaram, S.S., Wilson, K.M., Ha, J.S., Xu, R., Pan, T., Kim, T.-i., Huang, Y., Montana, M.C., Golden, J.P., Bruchas, M.R., Gereau, R.W., Rogers, J.A., Nat. Biotechnol. 33, 1280 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viventi, J., Kim, D.-H., Vigeland, L., Frechette, E.S., Blanco, J.A., Kim, Y.-S., Avrin, A.E., Tiruvadi, V.R., Hwang, S.-W., Vanleer, A.C., Wulsin, D.F., Davis, K., Gelber, C.E., Palmer, L., Van der Spiegel, J., Wu, J., Xiao, J., Huang, Y., Contreras, D., Rogers, J.A., Litt, B., Nat. Neurosci. 14, 1599 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reeder, J., Kaltenbrunner, M., Ware, T., Arreaga-Salas, D., Avendano-Bolivar, A., Yokota, T., Inoue, Y., Sekino, M., Voit, W., Sekitani, T., Someya, T., Adv. Mater. 26, 4967 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, C., Choi, M.K., Liu, S., Kim, M.S., Park, O.K., Im, C., Kim, J., Qin, X., Lee, G.J., Cho, K.W., Kim, M., Joh, E., Lee, J., Son, D., Kwon, S.-H., Jeon, N.L., Song, Y.M., Lu, N., Kim, D.-H., Nat. Commun. 8, 1664 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, C., Lee, Y., Cho, K.W., Koo, J.H., Kim, D.-H., Acc. Chem. Res. 52, 73 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, S., Lee, H., Ghaffari, R., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Mater. 28, 4203 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Son, D., Bao, Z., ACS Nano 12, 11731 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J., Ghaffari, R., Kim, D.-H., Nat. Biomed. Eng. 1, 0049 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, H., Yang, M., Tang, Q., Zhao, X., Tong, Y., Liu, Y., Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1901107 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, H., Choi, T.K., Lee, Y.B., Cho, H.R., Ghaffari, R., Wang, L., Choi, H.J., Chung, T.D., Lu, N., Hyeon, T., Choi, S.H., Kim, D.-H., Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 566 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, M.K., Park, I., Kim, D.C., Joh, E., Park, O.K., Kim, J., Kim, M., Choi, C., Yang, J., Cho, K.W., Hwang, J.-H., Nam, J.-M., Hyeon, T., Kim, J.H., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Func. Mater. 25, 7109 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, N., Chortos, A., Lei, T., Jin, L., Kim, T.R., Bae, W.-G., Zhu, C., Wang, S., Pfattner, R., Chen, X., Sinclair, R., Bao, Z., Sci. Adv. 3, e1700159 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akinwande, D., Brennan, C.J., Bunch, J.S., Egberts, P., Felts, J.R., Gao, H., Huang, R., Kim, J.-S., Li, T., Li, Y., Liechti, K.M., Lu, N., Park, H.S., Reed, E.J., Wang, P., Yakobson, B.I., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y.-W., Zhou, Y., Zhu, Y., Extreme Mech. Lett. 13, 42 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Z., Davis, C., Cai, W., He, L., Chen, X., Dai, H., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 1410 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim, C., Shin, Y., Jung, J., Kim, J.H., Lee, S., Kim, D.-H., APL Mater . 7, 031502 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, S., Park, J., Hyun, W., Kim, J., Kim, J., Lee, Y.B., Song, C., Hwang, H.J., Kim, J.H., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., ACS Nano 9, 6626 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, J., Choi, S., Janardhan, A.H., Lee, S.-Y., Raut, S., Soares, J., Shin, K., Yang, S., Lee, C., Kang, K.-W., Cho, H.R., Kim, S.J., Seo, P., Hyun, W., Jung, S., Lee, H.-J., Lee, N., Choi, S.H., Sacks, M., Lu, N., Josephson, M.E., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Hwang, H.J., Sci. Transl. Med. 8, 344ra386 (2016).Google Scholar
Kang, S., Cho, S., Shanker, R., Lee, H., Park, J., Um, D.-S., Lee, Y., Ko, H., Sci. Adv. 4, eaas8772 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, S., Han, S.I., Kim, D., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Chem. Soc. Rev. 48, 1566 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Son, D., Kang, J., Vardoulis, O., Kim, Y., Matsuhisa, N., Oh, J.Y., To, J.W., Mun, J., Katsumata, T., Liu, Y., McGuire, A.F., Krason, M., Molina-Lopez, F., Ham, J., Kraft, U., Lee, Y., Yun, Y., Tok, J.B.-H., Bao, Z., Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 1057 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jung, Y.H., Park, B., Kim, J.U., Kim, T.-i., Adv. Mater. 30, 1803637 (2018).Google Scholar
Xi, W., Yeo, J.C., Yu, L., Zhang, S., Lim, C.T., Adv. Mater. Technol. 2, 1700016 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gong, S., Schwalb, W., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Tang, Y., Si, J., Shirinzadeh, B., Cheng, W., Nat. Commun. 5, 3132 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Y., Wang, L., Yang, T., Li, X., Zang, X., Zhu, M., Wang, K., Wu, D., Zhu, H., Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 4666 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byun, J., Lee, Y., Yoon, J., Lee, B., Oh, E., Chung, S., Lee, T., Cho, K.-J., Kim, J., Hong, Y., Sci. Robot . 3, eaas9020 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J., Son, D., Lee, M., Song, C., Song, J.-K., Koo, J.H., Lee, D.J., Shim, H.J., Kim, J.H., Lee, M., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Sci. Adv. 2, 1501101 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Son, D., Chae, S.I., Kim, M., Choi, M.K., Yang, J., Park, K., Kale, V.S., Koo, J.H., Choi, C., Lee, M., Kim, J.H., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Mater. 28, 9326 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sekitani, T., Yokota, T., Zschieschang, U., Klauk, H., Bauer, S., Takeuchi, K., Takamiya, M., Sakurai, T., Someya, T., Science 326, 1516 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Son, D., Lee, J., Qiao, S., Ghaffari, R., Kim, J., Lee, J.E., Song, C., Kim, S.J., Lee, D.J., Jun, S.W., Yang, S., Park, M., Shin, J., Do, K., Lee, M., Kang, K., Hwang, C.S., Lu, N., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 397 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, W., Lee, J., Yun, H., Kim, J., Park, J., Choi, C., Kim, D.C., Seo, H., Lee, H., Yu, J.W., Lee, W.B., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Mater. 29, 1702902 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, S., Kim, T., Cho, S., Lee, Y., Choe, A., Walker, B., Ko, S.-J., Kim, J.Y., Ko, H., Nano Lett . 15, 7933 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, T., Kang, S., Heo, J., Cho, S., Kim, J.W., Choe, A., Walker, B., Shanker, R., Ko, H., Kim, J.Y., Adv. Mater. 30, e1800659 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, G., Chung, H.-J., Kim, K., Lim, S.A., Kim, J., Kim, Y.-S., Liu, Y., Yeo, W.-H., Kim, R.-H., Kim, S.S., Kim, J.-S., Jung, Y.H., Kim, T.-i., Yee, C., Rogers, J.A., Lee, K.-M., Adv. Healthc. Mater. 3, 515 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, J.-K., Son, D., Kim, J., Yoo, Y.J., Lee, G.J., Wang, L., Choi, M.K., Yang, J., Lee, M., Do, K., Koo, J.H., Lu, N., Kim, J.H., Hyeon, T., Song, Y.M., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1605286 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim, S., Son, D., Kim, J., Lee, Y.B., Song, J.-K., Choi, S., Lee, D.J., Kim, J.H., Lee, M., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Funct. Mater. 25, 375 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luo, C.S., Wan, P., Yang, H., Shah, S.A.A., Chen, X., Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1606339 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, Y.-I., Hwang, B.-U., Meeseepong, M., Hanif, A., Ramasundaram, S., Trung, T.Q., Lee, N.-E., Nanoscale 11, 3916 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, H., Lee, Y., Song, C., Cho, H.R., Ghaffari, R., Choi, T.K., Kim, K.H., Lee, Y.B., Ling, D., Lee, H., Yu, S.J., Choi, S.H., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Nat. Commun. 6, 10059 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, C.-H., Wang, C., Keplinger, C., Zuo, J.-L., Jin, L., Sun, Y., Zheng, P., Cao, Y., Lissel, F., Linder, C., You, X.-Z., Bao, Z., Nat. Chem. 8, 618 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, J., Son, D., Wang, G.N., Liu, Y., Lopez, J., Kim, Y., Oh, J.Y., Katsumata, T., Mun, J., Lee, Y., Jin, L., Tok, J.B.-H., Bao, Z., Adv. Mater. 30, 1706846 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markvicka, E.J., Bartlett, M.D., Huang, X., Majidi, C., Nat. Mater. 17, 618 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, G., Wang, J., Qian, K., Chen, J., Li, S., Lee, P.S., Adv. Sci. 4, 1600190 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, Y.J., Lee, H., Kim, J., Lee, M., Choi, H.J., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1805754 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhong, J., Zhang, Y., Zhong, Q., Hu, Q., Hu, B., Wang, Z.L., Zhou, J., ACS Nano 8, 6273 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trung, T.Q., Lee, N.-E., Adv. Mater. 28, 4338 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stier, A., Halekote, E., Mark, A., Qiao, S., Yang, S., Diller, K., Lu, N., Micromachines 9, 170 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipomi, D.J., Vosgueritchian, M., Tee, B.C.-K., Hellstrom, S.L., Lee, J.A., Fox, C.H., Bao, Z., Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 788 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wan, P., Wen, X., Sun, C., Chandran, B.K., Zhang, H., Sun, X., Chen, X., Small 11, 5409 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roh, E., Hwang, B.-U., Kim, D., Kim, B.-Y., Lee, N.-E., ACS Nano 9, 6252 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamada, T., Hayamizu, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Yomogida, Y., Izadi-Najafabadi, A., Futaba, D.N., Hata, K., Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 296 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, S., Lee, J., Do, K., Lee, M., Kim, J.H., Lee, S., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1704353 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuhisa, N., Inoue, D., Zalar, P., Jin, H., Matsuba, Y., Itoh, A., Yokota, T., Hashizume, D., Someya, T., Nat. Mater. 16, 834 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuhisa, N., Kaltenbrunner, M., Yokota, T., Jinno, H., Kuribara, K., Sekitani, T., Someya, T., Nat. Commun. 6, 7461 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S.H., Seo, H., Kang, J., Hong, J., Seong, D., Kim, H.-J., Kim, J., Mun, J., Youn, I., Kim, J., Kim, Y.-C., Seok, H.-K., Lee, C., Tok, J.B.-H., Bao, Z., Son, D., ACS Nano, (2019), doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b00160.Google Scholar
Lee, W.S., Lee, S.-W., Joh, H., Seong, M., Kim, H., Kang, M.S., Cho, K.-H., Sung, Y.-M., Oh, S.J., Small 13, 1702534 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tao, A.R., Huang, J., Yang, P., Acc. Chem. Res. 41, 1662 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, L., Lu, N., J. Appl. Mech. 83, 041007 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moreno, S., Baniasadi, M., Mohammed, S., Mejia, I., Chen, Y., Quevedo-Lopez, M.A., Kumar, N., Dimitrijevich, S., Minary-Jolandan, M., Adv. Electron. Mater. 1, 1500154 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, S., Han, S.I., Jung, D., Hwang, H.J., Lim, C., Bae, S., Park, O.K., Tschabrunn, C.M., Lee, M., Bae, S.Y., Yu, J.W., Ryu, J.H., Lee, S.-W., Park, K., Kang, P.M., Lee, W.B., Nezafat, R., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 1048 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, C., Park, S., Richner, T.J., Derry, A., Brown, I., Hou, C., Rao, S., Kang, J., Moritz, C.T., Fink, Y., Anikeeva, P., Sci. Adv. 3, e1600955 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, W.C., Lim, C.H., Shi, H., Tang, L.A.L., Wang, Y., Lim, C.T., Loh, K.P., ACS Nano 5, 7334 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ang, P.K., Jaiswal, M., Lim, C.H., Wang, Y., Sankaran, J., Li, A., Lim, C.T., Wohland, T., Barbaros, O., Loh, K.P., ACS Nano 4, 7387 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S.J., Cho, H.R., Cho, K.W., Qiao, S., Rhim, J.S., Soh, M., Kim, T., Choi, M.K., Choi, C., Park, I., Hwang, N.S., Hyeon, T., Choi, S.H., Lu, N., Kim, D.-H., ACS Nano 9, 2677 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sunwoo, S.H., Lee, J.S., Bae, S., Shin, Y.J., Kim, C.S., Joo, S.Y., Choi, H.S., Suh, M., Kim, S.W., Choi, Y.J., Kim, T.-i., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 1146 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S.J., Cho, K.W., Cho, H.R., Wang, L., Park, S.Y., Lee, S.E., Hyeon, T., Lu, N., Choi, S.H., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Funct. Mater. 26, 3207 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, D.-H., Ahn, J.-H., Choi, W.M., Kim, H.-S., Kim, T.-H., Song, J., Huang, Y., Liu, Z., Lu, C., Rogers, J.A., Science 320, 507 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J., Lee, M., Shim, H.J., Ghaffari, R., Cho, H.R., Son, D., Jung, Y.H., Soh, M., Choi, C., Jung, S., Chu, K., Jeon, D., Lee, S.-T., Kim, J.H., Choi, S.H., Hyeon, T., Kim, D.-H., Nat. Commun. 5, 5747 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, D.-H., Lu, N., Ma, R., Kim, Y.-S., Kim, R.-H., Wang, S., Wu, J., Won, S.M., Tao, H., Islam, A., Yu, K.J., Kim, T.-i., Chowdhury, R., Ying, M., Xu, L., Li, M., Chung, H.-J., Keum, H., McCormick, M., Liu, P., Zhang, Y.-W., Omenetto, F.G., Huang, Y., Coleman, T., Rogers, J.A., Science 333, 838 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Son, D., Koo, J.H., Song, J.-K., Kim, J., Lee, M., Shim, H.J., Park, M., Lee, M., Kim, J.H., Kim, D.-H., ACS Nano 9, 5585 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, D.-M., Timmermans, M.Y., Tian, Y., Nasibulin, A.G., Kauppinen, E.I., Kishimoto, S., Mizutani, T., Ohno, Y., Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 156 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, Q., Kim, H.-S., Pimparkar, N., Kulkarni, J.P., Wang, C., Shim, M., Roy, K., Alam, M.A., Rogers, J.A., Nature 454, 495 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Artukovic, E., Kaempgen, M., Hecht, D.S., Roth, S., Gruner, G., Nano Lett . 5, 757 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takenobu, T., Takahashi, T., Kanbara, T., Tsukagoshi, K., Aoyagi, Y., Iwasa, Y., Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 033511 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koo, J.H., Song, J.-K., Kim, D.-H., Nanotechnology 30, 132001 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koo, J.H., Jeong, S., Shim, H.J., Son, D., Kim, J., Kim, D.C., Choi, S., Hong, J.-I., Kim, D.-H., ACS Nano 11, 10032 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, J., Li, L., Chen, D., Hajagos, T., Ren, Z., Chou, S.-Y., Hu, W., Pei, Q., Nat. Commun. 6, 7647 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, S., Xu, J., Wang, W., Wang, G.N., Rastak, R., Molina-Lopez, F., Chung, J.W., Niu, S., Feig, V.R., Lopez, J., Lei, T., Kwon, S.-K., Kim, Y., Foudeh, A.M., Ehrlich, A., Gasperini, A., Yun, Y., Murmann, B., Tok, J.B.-H., Bao, Z., Nature 555, 83 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oh, J.Y., Rondeau-Gagne, S., Chiu, Y.-C., Chortos, A., Lissel, F., Wang, G.-N., Schroeder, B.C., Kurosawa, T., Lopez, J., Katsumata, T., Xu, J., Zhu, C., Gu, X., Bae, W.-G., Kim, Y., Jin, L., Chung, J.W., Tok, J.B.-H., Bao, Z., Nature 539, 411 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trung, T.Q., Lee, N.-E., Adv. Mater. 29, 1603167 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, J., Wang, S., Wang, G.-J., Zhu, C., Luo, S., Lin, L., Gu, X., Chen, S., Feig, V.R., To, J.W., Rondeau-Gagne, S., Park, J., Schroeder, B.C., Lu, C., Oh, J.Y., Wang, Y., Kim, Y.-H., Yan, H., Sinclair, R., Zhou, D., Xue, G., Murmann, B., Linder, C., Cai, W., Tok, J.B., Chung, J.W., Bao, Z., Science 355, 59 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koo, J.H., Kim, D.C., Shim, H.J., Kim, T.-H., Kim, D.-H., Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1801834 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, J., Fu, T.-M., Cheng, Z., Hong, G., Zhou, T., Jin, L., Duvvuri, M., Jiang, Z., Kruskal, P., Xie, C., Suo, Z., Fang, Y., Lieber, C.M., Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 629 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, C., Liu, J., Fu, T.-M., Dai, X., Zhou, W., Lieber, C.M., Nat. Mater. 14, 1286 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, T.-i., McCall, J.G., Jung, Y.H., Huang, Y., Siuda, E.R., Li, Y., Song, J., Song, Y.M., Pao, H.A., Kim, R.-H., Lu, C., Lee, S.D., Song, I.-S., Shin, G., Al-Hasani, R., Kim, S., Tan, M.P., Huang, Y., Omenetto, F.G., Rogers, J.A., Bruchas, M.R., Science 340, 211 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niu, S., Wang, X., Yi, F., Zhou, Y.S., Wang, Z.L., Nat. Commun. 6, 8975 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quan, T., Wang, X., Wang, Z.L., Yang, Y., ACS Nano 9, 12301 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, X., Zi, Y., Guo, H., Zheng, H., Xi, Y., Wu, C., Wang, J., Zhang, W., Lu, C., Wang, Z.L., Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1604378 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, Q., Zou, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Wang, X., Jin, Y., Ouyang, H., Li, Z., Wang, Z.L., Sci. Adv. 2, e1501478 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, S.-K., Murphy, R.K., Hwang, S.-W., Lee, S.M., Harburg, D.V., Krueger, N.A., Shin, J., Gamble, P., Cheng, H., Yu, S., Liu, Z., McCall, J.G., Stephen, M., Ying, H., Kim, J., Park, G., Webb, R.C., Lee, C.H., Chung, S., Wie, D.S., Gujar, A.D., Vemulapalli, B., Kim, A.H., Lee, K.-M., Cheng, J., Huang, Y., Lee, S.H., Braun, P.V., Ray, W.Z., Rogers, J.A., Nature 530, 71 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, H.-S., Yang, S.M., Jang, T.-M., Oh, N., Kim, H.-S., Hwang, S.-W., Adv. Healthc. Mater. 7, e1801071 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, K.J., Kuzum, D., Hwang, S.-W., Kim, B.H., Juul, H., Kim, N.H., Won, S.M., Chiang, K., Trumpis, M., Richardson, A.G., Cheng, H., Fang, H., Thomson, M., Bink, H., Talos, D., Seo, K.J., Lee, H.N., Kang, S.-K., Kim, J.-H., Lee, J.Y., Huang, Y., Jensen, F.E., Dichter, M.A., Lucas, T.H., Viventi, J., Litt, B., Rogers, J.A., Nat. Mater. 15, 782 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Z.L., Song, J., Science 312, 242 (2006).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, X., Song, J., Wang, Z.L., Science 316, 102 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, S., Wei, Y., Liu, J., Yang, R., Wang, Z.L., Nano Lett . 8, 4027 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, R., Qin, Y., Dai, L., Wang, Z.L., Nat. Nanotechnol. 4, 34 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ha, M., Lim, S., Park, J., Um, D.-S., Lee, Y., Ko, H., Adv. Funct. Mater. 25, 2841 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z., Zhu, G., Yang, R., Wang, A.C., Wang, Z.L., Adv. Mater. 22, 2534 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Z., Ma, Y., Ouyang, H., Shi, B., Li, N., Jiang, D., Xie, F., Qu, D., Zou, Y., Huang, Y., Li, H., Zhao, C., Tan, P., Yu, M., Fan, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, Z.L., Li, Z., Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1807560 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ormiston, J.A., Serruys, P.W.S., Circulation 2, 255 (2009).Google Scholar
Hwang, S.-W., Tao, H., Kim, D.-H., Cheng, H., Song, J.-K., Rill, E., Brenckle, M.A., Panilaitis, B., Won, S.M., Kim, Y.-S., Song, Y.M., Yu, K.J., Ameen, A., Li, R., Su, Y., Yang, M., Kaplan, D.L., Zakin, M.R., Slepian, M.J., Huang, Y., Omenetto, F.G., Rogers, J.A., Science 337, 1640 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hwang, S.-W., Park, G., Edwards, C., Corbin, E.A., Kang, S.-K., Cheng, H., Song, J.-K., Kim, J.-H., Yu, S., Ng, J., Lee, J.E., Kim, J., Yee, C., Bhaduri, B., Su, Y., Omenetto, F.G., Huang, Y., Bashir, R., Goddard, L., Popescu, G., Lee, K.-M., Rogers, J.A., ACS Nano 8, 5843 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwon, K.Y., Lee, J.S., Ko, G.-J., Sunwoo, S.H., Lee, S., Jo, Y.J., Choi, C.H., Hwang, S.-W., Kim, T.-i., Small 14, e1801332 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Son, D., Lee, J., Lee, D.J., Ghaffari, R., Yun, S., Kim, S.J., Lee, J.E., Cho, H.R., Yoon, S., Yang, S., Lee, S., Qiao, S., Ling, D., Shin, S., Song, J.-K., Kim, J., Kim, T., Lee, H., Kim, J., Soh, M., Lee, N., Hwang, C.S., Nam, S., Lu, N., Hyeon, T., Choi, S.H., Kim, D.-H., ACS Nano 9, 5937 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, J., Liang, J., Li, L., Ren, F., Hu, W., Li, J., Qi, S., Pei, Q., ACS Nano 8, 12874 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, H., You, X., Jiang, Y., Guan, G., Fang, X., Deng, J., Chen, P., Luo, Y., Peng, H., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53, 9526 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, J., Son, D., Vardoulis, O., Mun, J., Matsuhisa, N., Kim, Y., Kim, J., Tok, J.B.-H., Bao, Z., Adv. Mater. Technol. 4, 1800417 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar