Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:35:40.439Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Deep decarbonization efforts in Norway for energy sustainability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2019

Truls Norby ,
Emil H. Jensen  and
Sabrina Sartori Open the ORCID record for Sabrina Sartori [Opens in a new window]
Truls Norby
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
Emil H. Jensen
Affiliation:
Ph.D. Student at Department of Technology Systems, Section for Energy Systems, University of Oslo, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
Sabrina Sartori*
Affiliation:
Department of Technology Systems, Section for Energy Systems, University of Oslo, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
*
a)Address all correspondence to Sabrina Sartori at sabrina.sartori@its.uio.no
Get access

Abstract

Norway is self-sufficient with ample renewables while exporting large amounts of fossils fuels: It is in a unique position to fully decarbonize itself and significantly contribute to deep decarbonization globally, but the small population and economy limit the effort and impact.

We discuss the efforts in Norway to reach the country’s and the Paris/Katowice meetings’ ambitious goals of a carbon-neutral society.

Energy sustainability and the abatement of CO2 emissions have a central place in the Norwegian debate. In this perspective, we take a look at policies, strategies, and actions in Norway to realize its ambitious goals from a technological and materials development standpoint, as we are facing the change of pace after the Paris agreement in 2015 and the Katowice 2018 global climate panel meeting. Among the largest exporters of fossil fuels, Norway compensates by intensive investments in the development of carbon capture and sequestration. Following a growing debate involving the entire society, the Norwegian government has taken on aggressive strategies toward the decarbonization of energy production. We herein discuss the activities going on and the peculiar situation in Norway, which lives the rich life provided by fossil fuels while tasting the dream of being the climate knight of the world.

Keywords

energy storagecarbon dioxideenvironmentgovernment policy and fundingsustainability
Type
Perspective
Information
MRS Energy & Sustainability , Volume 6 , 2019 , E10
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Statistics Norway: 08805: Utenrikshandel med varer, etter anvendelsesområde (BEC) (mill. kr) 1988–2018 (2018). Available from: https://www.ssb.no/statbank/table/08805/ (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate and Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy: Exports of Oil and Gas (2018, September 14). Available from: https://www.norskpetroleum.no/en/production-and-exports/exports-of-oil-and-gas/ (accessed September 14, 2018).Google Scholar
Olje og energidepartementet: Kraftproduksjon (2017, October 9). Available from: https://energifaktanorge.no/norsk-energiforsyning/kraftforsyningen/ (accessed May 22, 2019).Google Scholar
SSB: Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (2018, August 15). Available from: https://www.ssb.no/en/klimagassn (accessed September 14, 2018).Google Scholar
The World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future (United Nations, Oxford University Press, 1987); p. 383.Google Scholar
Sintef Energy AS: 1986: Mr. Carbon Capture & Storage (2012). Available from: https://www.sintef.no/en/1986-mr-carbon-capture--storage/ (accessed March 18, 2019).Google Scholar
Stokland, I.G.: Avgjørelse av søknad om utslippstillatelse for CO2 for kraftvarmeverket på Mongstad (Miljøverndepartementet, Oslo, Norway, 2006).Google Scholar
Fortum: Karbonfangstprosjektet på Klemetsrud. Available from: https://www.fortum.no/avfall-og-energigjenvinning/karbonfangstprosjektet-pa-klemetsrud (accessed March 18, 2019).Google Scholar
Technology Centre Mongstad: Available from: http://www.tcmda.com/no/ (accessed March 18, 2019).Google Scholar
Arachige, U.S.P.R., Mohsin, M., and Melaaen, M.C.: Optimization of post combustion carbon capture process-solvent selection. Int. J. Energy Environ. 3(6), 881–894 (2012).Google Scholar
Flø, N.E., Kvamsdal, H.M., Hillestad, M., and Mejdell, T.: Dominating dynamics of the post-combustion CO2 absorption process. Comput. Chem. Eng. 86, 171–183 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, T., Hovland, J., and Jens, K.J.: Amine reclaiming technologies in post-combustion carbon dioxide capture. J. Environ. Sci. 27, 276–289 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nielsen, C.J., Herrmann, H., and Weller, C.: Atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of the use of amines in carbon capture and storage (CCS). Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(19), 6684–6704 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nafisi, V. and Hagg, M.B.: Gas separation properties of ZIF-8/6FDA-durene diamine mixed matrix membrane. Sep. Purif. Technol. 128, 31–38 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nafisi, V. and Hagg, M.B.: Development of nanocomposite membranes containing modified Si nanoparticles in PEBAX-2533 as a block copolymer and 6FDA-durene diamine as a glassy polymer. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6(18), 15643–15652 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vicinanza, N., Svenum, I-H., Peters, T., Bredesen, R., and Venvik, H.: New insight to the effects of heat treatment in air on the permeation properties of thin Pd77%Ag23% membranes. Membranes 8(4), 92–106 (2018).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Løvvik, O.M., Zhao, D., Li, Y., Bredesen, R., and Peters, T.: Grain boundary segregation in Pd–Cu–Ag alloys for high permeability hydrogen separation membranes. Membranes 8(3), 81–98 (2018).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fontaine, M-L., Larring, Y., Norby, T., Grande, T., and Bredesen, R.: Dense ceramic membranes based on ion conducting oxides. Ann. Chimie Sci. Matériaux 32(2), 197–212 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morland, B.H., Dugstad, A., and Svenningsen, G.: Corrosion of carbon steel in dense phase CO2 with water above and below the solubility limit. In 13th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Vol. 114 (Ghgt-13, 2017); p. 6752–6765.Google Scholar
Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies program at MIT: Snohvit Fact Sheet: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Project. Available from: https://sequestration.mit.edu/tools/projects/snohvit.html (accessed March 18, 2019).Google Scholar
Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies program at MIT: Sleipner Fact Sheet: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Project. Available from: https://sequestration.mit.edu/tools/projects/sleipner.html (accessed March 18, 2019).Google Scholar
Forskningsrådet: Norges teknologistrategi for petroleum (OG21) (2011). Available from: https://www.forskningsradet.no/servlet/web/prognett-og21/Om_OG21/1253962785364 (accessed March 18, 2019).Google Scholar
GASSNOVA: Available from: https://www.gassnova.no/en/ (accessed March 18, 2019).Google Scholar
Forskningsrådet: Large-Scale Programme for Petroleum Research (PETROMAKS2). Available from: https://www.forskningsradet.no/prognett-petromaks2/Home_page/1253980921309 (accessed March 18, 2019).Google Scholar
GASSNOVA: Gassnova’s Mission (2018). Available from: https://www.gassnova.no/en/about-us (accessed March 18, 2019).Google Scholar
Wærnhus, I.: Clean, Highly Efficient Offshore Power (2014). Available from: https://www.forskningsradet.no/prosjektbanken/#/project/NFR/245489 (accessed March 19, 2019).Google Scholar
Gassnove: Clean Highly Efficient Offshore Power with CO2 Capture (CHEOP-CC) (2016, April 20). Available from: http://www.climit.no/en/projects/pilot-demo-(gassnova)/616060 (accessed September 20, 2018).Google Scholar
BIGCCS: Final Report (2017). Available from: https://434113txicu25pflj3lqxy8nen-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/bigccs-final-report_16_11_hr.pdf (accessed May 22, 2019).Google Scholar
FME NCCS: NCCS—Industry Driven Innovation for Fast Track CCS Deployment. Available from: https://www.sintef.no/projectweb/nccs/ (accessed May 22, 2019).Google Scholar
Mølnvik, M.J.: About us. Available from: https://www.sintef.no/projectweb/nccs/about-us/ (accessed March 19, 2019).Google Scholar
Jordal, A.B.K.: Understanding the Cost of Retrofitting CO2 Capture to an Integrated Oil Refinery. Available from: https://www.sintef.no/recap (accessed March 19, 2019).Google Scholar
Enova, S.F.: Towards a Low-Emission Norwegian Industry, Enova Report 2017:5: Enova SF, Prof. Brochs gt. 2, NO-7030 Trondheim, NorwayGoogle Scholar
Equinor: Hydro Continues Utsira Project (2005). Available from: https://www.equinor.com/en/news/archive/2005/11/25/HydroContinuesUtsiraProject.html (accessed March 19, 2019).Google Scholar
Hydrogen som fremtidens energibÆrer (2004). Available from: https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/NOU-2004-11/id149967/sec5?q=HyNor#match_0 (accessed March 19, 2019).Google Scholar
Sjøfartsdirektoratet: Startskudd for hydrogenferge-prosjekt (2017). Available from: https://www.sdir.no/aktuelt/nyheter/startskudd-for-hydrogenferje-prosjekt/ (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
Launes, M.: New Hydrogen Projects to Accelerate the Technology Shift (2018). Available from: https://maritimecleantech.no/2018/12/14/new-hydrogen-projects-to-accelerate-the-technology-shift/ (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
Sjøfartsdirektoratet: Norway May Get the World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Cruise Ship (2017). Available from: https://www.sdir.no/en/news/news-from-the-nma/norway-may-get-the-worlds-first-hydrogen-powered-cruise-ship/ (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
Malerød-Fjeld, H., Clark, D., Yuste-Tirados, I., Zanón, R., Catalán-Martinez, D., Beeaff, D., Morejudo, S.H., Vestre, P.K., Norby, T., Haugsrud, R., Serra, J.M., and Kjølseth, C.: Thermo-electrochemical production of compressed hydrogen from methane with near-zero energy loss. Nat. Energy 2(12), 923–931 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prototech AS: Innovative Hybrid Energy System for Stable Power and Heat Supply in Offshore Oil and Gas Installation (2018). Available from: https://www.forskningsradet.no/prosjektbanken/#/project/NFR/281986 (accessed September 18, 2018).Google Scholar
FMC Kongsberg Subsea AS: Deep Purple—CO2-fri hydrogenbasert offshore energiproduksjon til installasjoner og maritim sektor (2018). Available from: https://www.forskningsradet.no/prosjektbanken/#/project/NFR/282311 (accessed September 19, 2018).Google Scholar
SUSOLTECH FME: SUSOLTECH FME. Available from: https://susoltech.no/ (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
Ruter: Fossil Free 2020. Available from: https://ruter.no/en/about-ruter/reports-projects-plans/fossilfree2020/ (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
Zero Emission Buildings: ZEB The Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings. Available from: http://www.zeb.no/index.php/en/ (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
ZEB: Heimdal VGS. Available from: http://zeb.no/index.php/en/pilot-projects/221-heimdal-vgs (accessed September 21, 2018).Google Scholar
ZEB: Campus Evenstad. Available from: http://zeb.no/index.php/en/pilot-projects/217-campus-evenstad (accessed September 21, 2018).Google Scholar
ZEB: Powerhouse Brattørkaia. Available from: http://zeb.no/index.php/en/pilot-projects/23-pilot-project-1 (accessed September 21, 2018).Google Scholar
Enova: Available from: https://www.enova.no/ (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
UiO: Thermoelectrics for Industrial Applications (THERMiO). Available from: https://www.mn.uio.no/smn/english/research/projects/chemistry/THERMiO/index.html (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
European Comission: EU Climate Action. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/clima/citizens/eu_en (accessed March 21, 2019).Google Scholar
IPCC Special Report SR15: SPM3b. Available from: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/summary-for-policy-makers (accessed May 12, 2019).Google Scholar
Klima- og miljødepartementet: Lov om klimamål (klimaloven) (2017). Available from: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2017-06-16-60 (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
Oslo European Green Capital 2019 Programme with Links to Events, Cimate Budget, etc. Available from: https://www.greencapital2019.com/ (accessed May 12, 2019).Google Scholar
Zero: Available from: https://zero.no/ (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
Bellona: Available from: https://bellona.org/ (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
Bellona: Ocean Forest. Available from: https://bellona.org/projects/ocean-forest (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar
Bellona: Sahara Forest Project. Available from: https://bellona.org/projects/sahara-forest-project (accessed March 20, 2019).Google Scholar