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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 February 2011
Autocorrelation, height-difference correlation, and power spectral density are used to characterize various surfaces exposed to gas-cluster ion beams (GCIB), as well as for detailed comparison with simulated surfaces which are based on models with stochastic impact and surface mobility mechanisms. This work demonstrates a close correspondance between detailed statistical analysis of AFM images from actual surfaces and the results of the same types of analysis of simulated surfaces. Surface roughness prior to and after GCIB treatment is always found to be essentially fractal in nature. Phenomenological models with both continuum surface mobility and Monte Carlo impact accumulations are presented. Accurate simulation of smoothing requires a combination of these models.