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Deterioration of Pre-Hispanic Stucco Masks from the Archaeological Mayan Site of Edzná, Campeche, México

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2014

Yolanda Espinosa-Morales ,
Javier Reyes-Trujeque ,
Diana Arano-Recio ,
Rosario Dominguez-Carrasco ,
José Luis Ruvalcaba-Sil  and
Patricia Quintana-Owen
Yolanda Espinosa-Morales
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigación en Corrosión, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Avda. Agustín Melgar s/n entre Juan de la Barrera y Calle 20, Colonia Buenavista. San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, México. e-mail javreyes@uacam.mx
Javier Reyes-Trujeque
Affiliation:
Centro INAH-Campeche, Mexico.
Diana Arano-Recio
Affiliation:
Centro INAH-Campeche, Mexico.
Rosario Dominguez-Carrasco
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigaciones Históricas y Sociales. Universidad Autónoma de Campeche. Mexico.
José Luis Ruvalcaba-Sil
Affiliation:
Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
Patricia Quintana-Owen
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados - Unidad Mérida, Merida, Mexico.
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Abstract

This contribution shows the results of a study carried out in order to determinate the deterioration mechanisms suffered by stucco masks from the important archaeological Mayan site of Edzná, Campeche, México; due to their long exposition to the tropical environment of the zone. Stratigraphic analysis of fragments from the masks containing pigments and surface neoformation products, were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled to a secondary X-ray emission system. Crystalized salts mineral composition were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Also, during the study, environmental parameter like temperature and relative humidity were monitored in site. Results indicate that stuccos mineral matrix is formed by calcareous materials, covered by films with variable proportions of ferrous materials (red, ochre and yellow colors) and rich carbon content (black color). Compounds were associated to blue and green colors. Al these materials showed a high level of deterioration because of differential forces caused by stucco and deposits of environmental soluble salts during dissolution crystallization cycles caused by humidity differences between stucco and environmental as a consequence of their particular exposure conditions.

Keywords

chemical reactionscanning electron microscopy (SEM)crystal growth
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1618: Symposium 8A – Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Issues in Materials Science , 2014 , pp. 207 - 216
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

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