Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T05:32:00.224Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Elements of Magnetics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2013

Steve Constantinides
Steve Constantinides*
Affiliation:
Arnold Magnetic Technologies Corporation, 770 Linden Avenue, Rochester, NY 14625, U.S.A.
Get access

Abstract

The 20th century saw rapid and dramatic improvements in permanent magnet materials. It has been 31 years since the discovery of neodymium-iron-boron and numerous companies and laboratories are seeking to produce a new and superior material. Topics discussed herein are material options, economics of selected materials and market drivers in material selection. Market issues include manufacturability by shape, size, and material yield; raw material supply including cost and dependability of the supply chain; raw material and magnet product price stability; development of applications based on commercial needs, government legislation and consumer demand. “Need is the mother of invention” and no discussion would be complete without covering why a new material would be beneficial from an applications point of view especially in energy production and consumption. Therefore, an introduction will be provided for select, major applications using permanent magnets and the growth forecasts for these.

Keywords

alloyDymagnetic properties
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1492: Symposium D/G – Materials for Sustainable Development—Challenges and Opportunities , 2013 , pp. 35 - 46
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Parker, R.J., Advances in Permanent Magnetism, (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990) p.331 Google Scholar
Morrow, J. (Private communication) Google Scholar
Haxel, G.B., Hedrick, J.B., Orris, G.J., Rare Earth elements – Critical Resources for High Technology, (USGS Fact Sheet 087-02, 2002) p.1 Google Scholar
Wernick, J. (Bell Telephone Laboratories), Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Technology, vol. 15, Bulk Materials (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995) p.45 Google Scholar
ASTM A977-07 – Standard Test Method for magnetic properties of high coercivity permanent magnet materials (ASTM, West Conshohockin, PA, 2007) p.3 Google Scholar
Numerous industry sources Benecki, W.T., Clagett, T.C., Trout, S.R., The Global Permanent Magnet industry (self-published, 2010)Google Scholar
20% Wind Energy by 2030: Increasing Wind Energy’s Contribution to U.S, Electricity Supply, Executive Summary (U.S. Department of Energy, December 2008) p.7 Google Scholar
The Global Wind Report Annual Market Update 2011 (Global Wind Energy Council, 2011) p.12 Google Scholar
Data from iSuppli, Disk/Trend and Peripheral Research Corporation Google Scholar
Constantinides, S., The Erratic but Continuing Demand for Rare Earth Materials in Permanent Magnets (Vehicle Technologies Program 2013 Kick-off Meeting, Oak Ridge national Laboratories, 13 November 2012)Google Scholar
Haxel, G.B., Hedrick, J.B., Orris, G.J., Rare Earth elements – Critical Resources for High Technology, (USGS Fact Sheet 087-02, 2002) p.3 Google Scholar
Periodic Table of the Elements from Vertex http://www.vertex42.com/ExcelTemplates/periodic-table-of-elements.html Google Scholar
Bozorth, R.M., Ferromagnetism (IEEE Press, 1993) p.328 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coey, J.M.D., Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (Cambridge University Press, 2009) p.394 Google Scholar
Webster, P. J. and Ziebeck, K. R. A., Heusler Alloys, in Landolt-Bernstein New Series Group III, Vol. 19C, Wijn, H. R. J. (Ed.) (Springer, Berlin, 1988) p. 75 Google Scholar
Strnat, K.J., Rare Earth-Cobalt Permanent Magnets, (Ferromagnetic Materials, vol. 4, Wohlfarth, E.P. and Buschow, K.H.J., ed., Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1988) p.184 Google Scholar
Graham, C.D. Jr., Magnetic Properties of Metals and Alloys (American Society for Metals, 1958) p.307 Google Scholar
Stanek, et al. , Investigations of Thermo-Magnetic Treatment of Alnico 8 Alloy (Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Vol. 55, 2010 Issue 2) p.573 Google Scholar