Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T14:13:11.101Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influences of Hydrogen Gas on Carbon Nanotube Growth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Fumitaka Ohashi ,
Guan Yow Chen ,
Vlad Stolojan  and
S. Ravi P. Silva
Fumitaka Ohashi
Affiliation:
f.ohashi@surrey.ac.uk, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom, 441483686102
Guan Yow Chen
Affiliation:
g.chen@surreynanosystems.com, Surrey NanoSystems, Unit 24 Euro Business Park, New Road, Newhaven, BN9 0DQ, United Kingdom
Vlad Stolojan
Affiliation:
V.Stolojan@surrey.ac.uk, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
S. Ravi P. Silva
Affiliation:
S.Silva@surrey.ac.uk, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
Get access

Abstract

For practical deployment of carbon nanotubes, an understanding of their growth mechanism is required in order to obtain better control over their crystallinity, chirality and other structural properties. In this study, we focus on the influences of gas species on carbon nanotube synthesis using thermal chemical vapour deposition. The influence of methane, hydrogen, and helium gases was investigated from the viewpoint of gas chemistry in relation to the nanotube structural change, by varying the growth pressure, the gas-flow ratio and the growth temperature. Simple changes in the hydrogen gas concentration during different growth stages have been found to induce surprising changes to the nanotube formation. The structure of the tubular carbon growth changed from amorphous to graphitic as the growth temperature and the concentration of hydrogen in the initial periods of growth decreases. The excess hydrogen tends to give rise to poor crystalline carbon nanofibres but has the effect of increasing the yields. Hydrogen gas is typically used in reducing metal catalyst particles during the pre-treatment and the carbon nanotube growth periods. We show that while hydrogen species can improve yield, it can also result in the degradation of the nanotube's crystallinity. The use of hydrogen in the growth process is one of the key parameters for enhanced control of carbon nanotube/nanofibre growth and their resulting crystallinity.

Keywords

chemical vapor deposition (CVD) (chemical reaction)Cnanostructure
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1081: Symposium P – Carbon Nanotubes and Related Low-Dimensional Materials , 2008 , 1081-P08-05
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

^1] Kong, J, Yenilmez, E, Tombler, T, Kim, W, Dai, H. Quantm Intererence and Ballistic Transmission in Nanotub Electron Waveguides. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87(10):1068013–4.Google Scholar
^2] Dekker, C. Carbon Nanotubes as Molecular Quantum Wires. Physics Today. 1999; 52(5): 22–8Google Scholar
^3] Endo, M, Hayashi, T, Kim, YA, Muramatsu Development, H. and Application of Carbon Nanotubes. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2006; 5(6A):4883–92.Google Scholar
^4] Stolojan, V, Tison, Y, Chen, GY, Silva, R. Controlled Growth-Reversal of Catalytic Carbon Nanotubes under Electron-Beam Irradiation. Nano Lett. 2006; 6(9):1837–41Google Scholar
^5] Lacerda, RG, Teo, KBK, The, AS, Yang, MH, Dalal, SH, Jefferson, DA, et al. Thin-film metal catalyst for the production of multi-wall and single-wall carbon nanotubes. J Appl. Phys. 2004; 96(8):4456–62Google Scholar
^6] Chakrabarti, S, Nagasaka, T, Yoshikawa, Y, Pan, L, Nakayama, Y. Growth of Super Long Aligned Brush-Like Carbon Nanotubes. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2006; 45(28):720–2.Google Scholar
^7] Suekane, O, Nagasaka, T, Kiyotaki, K, Nosaka, T, Nakayama, Y. Rapid Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2004; 43(9A/B):1214–6.Google Scholar
^8] Yoon, YJ, Baik, HK. Catalytic growth mechanism of carbon nanofibres through chemical vapor deposition. Diamond Relat Mate. 2001; 10(3–7):1214–7.Google Scholar
^9] Franklin, NR, Li, Y, Chen, RJ, Javey, A, Dai, H. Patterned growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on full 4-inch wafers. Appl Phys Lett. 2001; 79(27):4571–3.Google Scholar
^10] Murakami, Y, Miyauchi, Y, Chiashi, S, Maruyama, S, Direct synthesis of high-quality single-walled carbon nanotubes on silicon and quartz substrates. Chem Phys Lett. 2003; 37(1):49–54 Google Scholar
^11] Murakami, Y, Chiashi, S, Miyauchi, Y, Hu, M, Ogura, M, Okubo, T, et al. Growth of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube films on quartz substrates and their optical anisotropy. Chem Phys Lett. 2004; 385(3–4):298–303.Google Scholar
^12] Dikonimos Makris, Th, Giorgi, L, Giorgi, R, Lisi, N, Salernitano, E. CNT growth on alumina supported nicles catalyst by thermal CVD. Diamond Relat Mater. 2005; 14(3–7):815–19.Google Scholar
^13] Ago, H, Nakamura, K, Uehara, N, Tsuji, M. Roles of Metal-Support Interaction in Growth of Single- and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Studied with Diameter-Controlled Iron Particles Supported on MgO. J Phys Chem B. 2004; 108(49):18908–15.Google Scholar
^14] Lee, YT, Park, J, Choi, YS, Ryu, H, Lee, HJ. Temperature-Dependent Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes in the Range 800-1100 °C. J Phys Chem B 2002; 106(31):7614–8.Google Scholar
^15] Andrews, R, Jacques, D, Rao, AM, Debyshire, F, Qian, D, Fan, X, Dickey, EC, Chen, J, Continuous production of aligned carbon nanotubes: a step closer to commercial realization. Chemical Physics Letters. 1999; 303(5-6): 467–474 Google Scholar
^16] Helveg, S, López-Cartes, C, Sehested, J, et al. , “Atomic-scale imaging of carbon nanofibre growth,” Nature 2004; 427: 4 Google Scholar