Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T08:55:57.116Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Oxide-Based Electrochromics: Advances in Materials and Devices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2011

C. G. Granqvist ,
İ. Bayrak Pehlivan ,
S. V. Green ,
P. C. Lansåker  and
G. A. Niklasson
C. G. Granqvist
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
İ. Bayrak Pehlivan
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
S. V. Green
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
P. C. Lansåker
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
G. A. Niklasson
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P. O. Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
Get access

Abstract

Electrochromic (EC) devices are able to vary their throughput of visible light and solar energy by the application of a voltage. They are of much interest for “smart” windows in buildings and are able to create energy efficiency, occupant well being, and security. This paper gives a survey over oxide-based EC device technology and also presents some recent advances regarding EC thin films of mixed metal oxides, nanoparticle-containing electrolytes to join these films, and metal-based transparent electrical conductors needed to apply the voltage.

Keywords

thin filmopticalenvironmentally benign
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1328: Symposium H – Electrochromic Materials and Devices , 2011 , mrss11-1328-h02-01
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Granqvist, C.G., Handbook of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials(Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1995).Google Scholar
2. Monk, P.M.S., Mortimer, R.J. and Rosseinsky, D.R., Electrochromism and Electrochromic Devices (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2007).Google Scholar
3. Smith, G.B. and Granqvist, C.G., Green Nanotechnology: Solutions for Sustainability and E nergy in the Built Environment (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2010).Google Scholar
4. Deb, S.K., Appl. Opt. Suppl. 3, 192 (1969); Philos.Mag. 27, 801 (1973).Google Scholar
5. Lampert, C.M., Sol. Energy Mater. 11, 1 (1984).Google Scholar
6. Svensson, J.S.E.M. and Granqvist, C.G., Sol. Energy Mater. 11, 29 (1984).Google Scholar
7. Gillaspie, D.T., Tenent, R.C. and Dillon, A.C., J. Mater. Chem. 20, 9585 (2010).Google Scholar
8. Tehrani, P., Hennerdal, L.-O., Dyer, A.L., Reynolds, J.R. and Berggren, M., J. Mater. Chem. 19, 1799 (2009).Google Scholar
9. Niklasson, G.A. and Granqvist, C.G., J. Mater. Chem. 17, 127 (2007).Google Scholar
10. Denesuk, M. and Uhlmann, D.R., J. Electrochem. Soc. 143, L186 (1996).Google Scholar
11. Berggren, L., Jonsson, J.C. and Niklasson, G.A., J. Appl. Phys. 102, 083538 (2007).Google Scholar
12. Granqvist, C.G., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells (2011), to be published.Google Scholar
13. Sbar, N., Badding, M., Budziak, R., Cortez, K., Laby, L., Michalski, L., Ngo, T., Schulz, S. and Urbanik, K., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 56, 321 (1999).Google Scholar
14. O’Brien, N.A., Mathew, J.G.H. and Hichwa, B.P., Thin Solid Films 345, 312 (1999).Google Scholar
15. Zinzi, M., Building Environment 41, 1262 (2006).Google Scholar
16. Kraft, A. and Rottmann, M., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93, 2088 (2009).Google Scholar
17. Granqvist, C.G., Proc. MRS 1315 (2011), to be published.Google Scholar
18. Granqvist, C.G., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 92, 203 (2008).Google Scholar
19. Azens, A., Gustavsson, G., Karmhag, R. and Granqvist, C.G., Solid State Ionics 165, 1 (2003).Google Scholar
20. Azens, A., Avendaño, E., Backholm, J., Berggren, L., Gustavsson, G., Karmhag, R., Niklasson, G.A., Roos, A. and Granqvist, C.G., Mater. Sci. Engr. B 119, 214 (2005).Google Scholar
21. Faughnan, B.W. and Crandall, R.S., Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 834 (1977).Google Scholar
22. Sato, S. and Seino, Y., Trans. Inst. Electr. Commun. Engr. Jpn. 65-C, 629 (1982).Google Scholar
23. Yamada, S. and Kitao, M., in Large-Area Chromogenics: Materials and Devices for Tr ansmittance Control, edited by Lampert, C.M. and Granqvist, C.G. (SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, USA) SPIE Institutes for Advanced Optical Technologies, Vol. IS4, pp. 246–259.Google Scholar
24. Avendaño, E., Azens, A., Niklasson, G.A. and Granqvist, C.G., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 84, 337 (2004).Google Scholar
25. Azens, A. and Granqvist, C.G., Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 928 (2002).Google Scholar
26. Green, S.V., Kuzmin, A., Purans, J., Granqvist, C.G. and Niklasson, G.A., Thin Solid Films 519, 2062 (2011).Google Scholar
27. Green, S.V., Pehlivan, E., Granqvist, C.G. and Niklasson, G.A, to be published.Google Scholar
28. Vincent, C.A., Progr. Solid State Chem. 17, 145 (1987).Google Scholar
29. Andersson, A.M., Granqvist, C.G. and Stevens, J.R., Appl. Opt. 28, 3295 (1989).Google Scholar
30. Wieczorek, W., Florjanczyk, Z. and Stevens, J.R., Electrochim. Acta 40, 2251 (1995).Google Scholar
31. Bayrak Pehlivan, İ., Marsal, R., Niklasson, G.A., Granqvist, C.G. and Georén, P., Sol Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94, 2399 (2010).Google Scholar
32. Bayrak Pehlivan, İ., Marsal, R., Georén, P., Granqvist, C.G. and Niklasson, G.A., J. Appl. Phys. 108, 074102 (2010).Google Scholar
33. Lansåker, P.C., Gunnarsson, K., Roos, A., Niklasson, G.A. and Granqvist, C.G., Thin Solid Films 519, 1930 (2011).Google Scholar
34. Granqvist, C.G., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91, 1529 (2007).Google Scholar
35. Granqvist, C.G., in Handbook of Transparent Conductors, edited by Ginley, D.S., Hosono, H. and Paine, D.C.(Springer Science+Business Media, New York, USA, 2010) pp. 353–423.Google Scholar
36. Furubayashi, Y., Hitosugi, T., Yamamoto, Y., Inaba, K., Kinoda, G., Hirose, Y., Shimada, T. and Hasegawa, T., Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 252101 (2005).Google Scholar
37. Maghanga, C.M., Niklasson, G.A. and Granqvist, C.G., Thin Solid Films 518, 1254 (2009).Google Scholar
38. Hamberg, I. and Granqvist, C.G., J. Appl. Phys. 60, R123 (1986).Google Scholar
39. Schwartz-Schampera, U. and Herzig, P.M., Indium: Geology, Mineralogy, and Economics (Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2002).Google Scholar
40. Smith, G.B., Niklasson, G.A., Svensson, J.S.E.M. and Granqvist, C.G., J. Appl. Phys. 59, 571 (1986).Google Scholar
41. Lansåker, P.C., Backholm, J., Niklasson, G.A. and Granqvist, C.G., Thin Solid Films 518, 1225 (2009).Google Scholar
42. Earp, A.A. and Smith, G.B., Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 243108 (2010).Google Scholar
43. Smith, G.B. and Earp, A.A., Nanotechnology 21, 015203 (2010).Google Scholar
44. Hu, L., Hecht, D.S. and Grüner, G., Chem. Rev. 110, 5790 (2010).Google Scholar
45. Geim, A.K. and Novoselov, K.S., Nature Mater. 6, 183 (2007).Google Scholar
46. Eda, G. and Chhowalla, M., Adv. Mater. 22, 2392 (2010).Google Scholar
47. Bae, S., Kim, H., Lee, Y., Xu, X., Park, J.-S., Zheng, Y., Balakrishnan, J., Lei, T., Kim, H.R., Song, Y.I., Kim, Y.-J., Kim, K.S., Özyilmaz, B., Ahn, J.-H., Hong, B.H. and Iijima, S., Nature Nanotechnology 5, 574 (2010).Google Scholar
48. Hu, L., Kim, H.S., Lee, J.-Y., Peumans, P. and Cui, Y., ACS Nano 4, 2955 (2010).Google Scholar
49. Rathmell, A.R., Bergin, S.M., Hua, Y.-L., Li, Z.-Y. and Wiley, B.J., Adv. Mater. 22, 3558 (2010).Google Scholar
50. Granqvist, C.G., Nature Mater. 5, 89 (2006).Google Scholar
51. Richter, B., Goldston, D., Crabtree, G., Glicksman, L., Goldstein, D., Greene, D., Kammen, D., Levine, M., Lubell, M., Sawitz, M., Sperling, D., Schlachter, F., Scofield, J. and Dawson, D., Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, S1 (2008).Google Scholar
52. Eichholtz, P., Kok, N. and Quigley, J.M., Am. Economic Rev. 100, 2492 (2010).Google Scholar
53. Blackman, C.S., Piccirillo, C., Binions, R. and Parkin, I.P., Thin Solid Films 517, 4565 (2009).Google Scholar
54. Li, S.-Y., Niklasson, G.A. and Granqvist, C.G, to be published.Google Scholar
55. Mlyuka, N.R., Niklasson, G.A. and Granqvist, C.G., Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 171909 (2009).Google Scholar
56. Mlyuka, N.R., Niklasson, G.A. and Granqvist, C.G., Phys. Stat. Sol.A 206, 2155 (2009).Google Scholar
57. Li, S.-Y., Niklasson, G.A. and Granqvist, C.G., J. Appl. Phys. 108, 063525 (2010).Google Scholar
58. Baetens, R., Jelle, B.P., Thue, J.V., Tenpierik, M.J., Grynning, S., Uvsløkk, S. and Gustavsen, A., Energy Buildings 42, 147 (2010).Google Scholar