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The Use of Ammonium Carbamate as a High Energy Density Thermal Energy Storage Material

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 July 2011

Joel E. Schmidt ,
Douglas S. Dudis  and
Douglas J. Miller
Joel E. Schmidt
Affiliation:
Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433 University of Dayton, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Dayton, OH 45409
Douglas S. Dudis
Affiliation:
Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433
Douglas J. Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Science and Mathematics, Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH 45314
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Abstract

Phase change materials (PCMs) often have higher specific energy storage capacities at elevated temperatures. Thermal management (TM) systems capable of handling high heat fluxes in the temperature range from 20–100°C are necessary but lacking. State of the art PCMs in this temperature range are usually paraffin waxes with energy densities on the order of a few hundred kJ/kg or ice slurries with energy densities of the same magnitude. However, for applications where system weight and size are limited, it is necessary to improve this energy density by at least an order of magnitude. The compound ammonium carbamate, [NH4][H2NCOO], is a solid formed from the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide which endothermically decomposes back to CO2 and NH3 in the temperature range 20-100°C with an enthalpy of decomposition of ∼2,000 kJ/kg. Various methods to use this material for TM of low-grade, high-flux heat have been evaluated including: bare powder, thermally conductive carbon foams, thermally conductive metal foams, hydrocarbon based slurries, and a slurry in ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. A slurry in glycol is a promising system medium for enhancing heat and mass transfer for TM. Progress on material and system characterization is reported.

Keywords

chemical reactionenergy storagethermal conductivity
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1325: Symposium E – Energy Harvesting—Recent Advances in Materials, Devices and Applications , 2011 , mrss11-1325-e05-04
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

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References

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