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Using Magnetic Resonance Microscopy to Assess the Osteogenesis in Porous Hydrogels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2011

Prasanna Mishra ,
Mahrokh Dadsetan ,
Srinivasan Rajagopalan ,
Theresa E. Hefferan ,
Michael J. Yaszemski  and
Slobodan I. Macura
Prasanna Mishra
Affiliation:
mishra.prasanna@mayo.edu Mayo Clinic College of Medicine NMR Facility 200 First Street SW Rochester MN 55905-0001 United States (507) 284-0191 (507) 284-8433
Mahrokh Dadsetan
Affiliation:
dadsetan.mahrokh@mayo.edu Mayo Foundation Rochester MN 55905 United States
Srinivasan Rajagopalan
Affiliation:
rajagopalan.srinivasan@mayo.edu Mayo Foundation Rochester MN 55905 United States
Theresa E. Hefferan
Affiliation:
hefferan.theresa@mayo.edu Mayo Foundation Rochester MN 55905 United States
Michael J. Yaszemski
Affiliation:
yaszemski.michael@mayo.edu Mayo Foundation Rochester MN 55905 United States
Slobodan I. Macura
Affiliation:
macura@mayo.edu Mayo Foundation Rochester MN 55905 United States
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Abstract

Hydrogels are multi-functional and can be used as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. The pore architecture of the scaffolds is a significant factor in bone cell function. In this work, polyethylene glycol fumarate (OPF) hydrogel is used in the fabrication of porous scaffolds, and the effect of hydrogel porosity on bone formation is evaluated using an in vitro bone marrow stromal cell model. The porous hydrogels consist of copious amounts of water (90% or more by volume), and their structure is very similar to soft tissues. The characterization of porosity and interconnectivity in a typical OPF hydrogel scaffold and the bone formation inside the scaffold are assessed using magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) techniques; and are shown to be very useful in micro structural studies of such water rich materials. A Bruker Avance 7 Tesla (proton 300 MHz) spectrometer equipped with a Micro Imaging 2.5 accessory is used in these studies. By optimizing the acquisition parameters such as relaxation recovery time (TR), echo time (TE), pulse flip angle (TA), and using solvent relaxation-enhancing media the pores and bone formations are clearly observed at an in plane resolution of 29 μm/pixel in various scaffold materials. Analysis of our MRM images data shows that the pores are highly interconnected and the porosity computed from the images correlate quite well with the experimental porosity parameters such as porogen size and percentage. In addition, the quantitative alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining as marker of osteoblastic differentiation and the mineralization capacity of marrow stromal cells are in good agreement with the bone formation seen in the MRM images.

Keywords

biomaterialporositybone
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 984: Symposium MM – Magnetic Resonance in Material Science , 2006 , 0984-MM15-09
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

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References

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