Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T00:43:22.123Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The discourse of historical legitimization: a comparative examination of Southern Jutland and the Slovenian language area

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Peter Thaler
Peter Thaler*
Affiliation:
Department of History, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding and Odense, Denmark
*
*Email: thaler@hist.sdu.dk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article analyzes the discourse of historical legitimacy in the duchy of Schleswig and in the Slovenian-speaking regions of Carniola, Styria, and especially Carinthia in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The question as to who had arrived in the area first was never far from the surface, because in an era of national romanticism, duration of stay seemed to allot special claims to possession. Rather than challenging this rationale, all sides tended to focus their efforts on enhancing their local genealogy. Yet the national conflicts of the period were not about political and linguistic history, but about contemporary interests and identities. In both Jutland and the southeastern Alps, national movements tended to focus on select moments in time that corresponded most closely to their modern-day political aspirations. The comparative analysis of two otherwise fairly divergent European regions reveals the pragmatic similarities of historical nation-building.

Keywords

historical legitimizationnational movementsSloveniaCarinthiaSchleswig
Type
Articles
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 40 , Issue 1 , January 2012 , pp. 1 - 22
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, Carl Ferdinand. Det danske Sprogs Historie i Hertugdømmet Slesvig eller Sønderjylland. 2 vols. Copenhagen, 1857–58. Print.Google Scholar
Assmann, Aleida. Erinnerungsräume: Formen und Wandlungen des kulturellen Gedächtnisses. Munich, 1999. Print.Google Scholar
Assmann, Jan. Das kulturelle Gedächtnis: Schrift, Erinnerung und politische Identität in frühen Hochkulturen. Munich, 1992. Print.Google Scholar
Bauer, Otto. Die Nationalitätenfrage und die Sozialdemokratie. Vienna, 1907. Print.Google Scholar
Beda. Opera historica. With English trans, by J.E. King. 2 vols. Reprint. London, 1962. Print.Google Scholar
Belzyt, Leszek. “Problem weryfikacji polskiej ludności rodzimej na Warmii, Mazurach i Powiślu.” Ph.D. diss., U of Toruń, Poland, 1987. Print.Google Scholar
Belzyt, Leszek. “Zur Frage des nationalen Bewußtseins der Masuren im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert.” Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropaforschung 45.1 (1996): 35–71. Print.Google Scholar
Berger, Stefan. “On the Role of Myths and History in the Construction of National Identity in Modern Europe.” European History Quarterly 39 (2009): 490–502. Print.Google Scholar
Berger, Stefan, Donovan, Mark, and Passmore, Kevin, eds. Writing National Histories: Western Europe since 1800. London, 1999. Print.Google Scholar
Blanke, Richard. Polish-Speaking Germans? Language and National Identity among the Masurians since 1871. Cologne, 2001. Print.Google Scholar
Brix, Emil. Die Umgangssprachen in Altösterreich zwischen Agitation und Assimilation. Vienna, 1982. Print.Google Scholar
Clausen, H.N. Slesvigeren Christian Ditlef Paulsens livshistorie i omrids. Copenhagen, 1857. Print.Google Scholar
Connerton, Paul. How Societies Remember. Cambridge, England, 1989. Print.Google Scholar
Cox, John K. Slovenia: Evolving Loyalties. London, 2005. Print.Google Scholar
Doederlein, Ludwig, ed. Taciti Germania. Erlangen, 1850. Print.Google Scholar
Fabricius, Knud, and Lomholt-Thomsen, Johannes, eds. Flensborgeren, Professor Christian Paulsens dagbøger. Copenhagen, 1946. Print.Google Scholar
Falck, Nicolaus. Die historischen Landes-Rechte in Schleswig und Holstein urkundlich. Kiel, 1842. Print.Google Scholar
Falck, Nicolaus. “Kurzer Inbegriff der schleswig-holsteinischen Landesprivilegien.” Kieler Blätter 3 (1816): 158–164. Print.Google Scholar
Flacke, Monika, ed. Mythen der Nationen: 1945 – Arena der Erinnerungen. Mainz, 2004. Print.Google Scholar
Funkenstein, Amos. “Collective Memory and Historical Consciousness.” History and Memory 1 (1989): 5–26. Print.Google Scholar
Gesetz vom 22. November 1918 über Umfang, Grenzen und Beziehungen des Staatsgebietes von Deutschösterreich. Staatsgesetzblatt für den Staat Deutschösterreich 1918. Stück 9, Nummer 40. Print.Google Scholar
Gregersen, Hans Valdemar. Slesvig og Holsten før 1830. Copenhagen, 1981. Print.Google Scholar
Grimm, Jacob. Geschichte der deutschen Sprache. 3rd ed. Leipzig, 1868. Print.Google Scholar
Halbwachs, Maurice. La Mémoire collective. Paris, 1950. Print.Google Scholar
Halbwachs, Maurice. La Topographie légendaire des Évangiles en Terre Sainte: Étude de mémoire collective. Paris, 1941. Print.Google Scholar
Halbwachs, Maurice. Les Cadres sociaux de la mémoire. Paris, 1925. Print.Google Scholar
Halbwachs, Maurice. On Collective Memory. Ed. and trans. Lewis A. Coser. Chicago, 1992. Print.Google Scholar
Hansen, Reimer. “Was bedeutet ‘up ewig ungedeelt'? Das Ripener Privileg von 1460 im deutsch-dänischen Nationalkonflikt des 19. Jahrhunderts.” Grenzfriedenshefte 1996.4 (1996): 215–232. Print.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Cambridge, England, 1990. Print.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric, and Ranger, Terence, eds. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge, England, 1983. Print.Google Scholar
Hoensch, Jörg K. Geschichte Böhmens: Von der slavischen Landnahme bis zur Gegenwart. 3rd ed. Munich, 1997. Print.Google Scholar
Hösler, Joachim. Von Krain zu Slowenien: Die Anfänge der nationalen Differenzierungsprozesse in Krain und der Untersteiermark von der Aufklärung bis 1848. Munich, 2006. Print.Google Scholar
Hutton, Patrick. History as an Art of Memory. Hanover, NH, 1993. Print.Google Scholar
Hutton, Patrick. “Recent Scholarship on Memory and History.” The History Teacher 33 (2000): 533–548. Print.Google Scholar
Jahnke, Carsten. “'Dat se bliven ewich tosamende ungedelt’: Neue Überlegungen zu einem alten Schlagwort.” Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte 128 (2003): 45–59. Print.Google Scholar
Jasiński, Grzegorz. Mazurzy w drugiej polowie XIX wieku: Kształtowanie się świadomości narodowej. Olsztyn, 1994. Print.Google Scholar
Lauridsen, Peder. “Vort folks sydgrænse.” Sønderjyske Årbøger (1893): 28–50, 106–148, 253–289. Print.Google Scholar
Le Goff, Jacques. History and Memory. New York, 1992. Print.Google Scholar
Lornsen, Uwe Jens. Ueber das Verfassungswerk in Schleswigholstein. Kiel, 1830. Print.Google Scholar
Lowenthal, David. “Fabricating Heritage.” History and Memory 10:1 (1998): 5–24. Print.Google Scholar
Lowenthal, David. The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History. Cambridge, 1997. Print.Google Scholar
Lowenthal, David. The Past is a Foreign Country. Cambridge, 1985. Print.Google Scholar
Łukowski, Wojciech, and Nawrocki, Tomasz. “Upper Silesia and Masuria in Search of Identity.” Ethnic Minorities and Ethnic Majority. Ed. Marek S. Szczepański. Katowice, 1997. 107–117. Print.Google Scholar
Lyngby, Kristen Jensen. Bidrag til en sønderjysk sproglœre. Copenhagen, 1858. Print.Google Scholar
Misztal, Barbara A. “Durkheim on Collective Memory.” Journal of Classical Sociology 3.2 (2003): 123–143. Print.Google Scholar
Moritsch, Andreas, ed. Vom Ethnos zur Nationalität: Der nationale Differenzierungsprozeß am Beispiel ausgewählter Orte in Kärnten und im Burgenland. Vienna, 1991. Print.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Hans Frede. Guldhornsindskriften fra Gallehus: Runer, sprog og politik. Odense, 2002. Print.Google Scholar
Nora, Pierre. “Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire.” Representations 26 (1989): 7–24. Print.Google Scholar
Novick, Peter. The Holocaust in American Life. Boston, 1999. Print.Google Scholar
Paulsen, Christian. Für Dänemark und für Holstein. Samlede mindre skrifter 2. Copenhagen, 1857. 445–479. Print.Google Scholar
Paulsen, Christian. “Indledningsforedrag ved Aabningen af mine Forelæsninger over den slesvigske private Ret i Kjøbenhavn d. 21. Novbr. 1848.” Samlede mindre skrifter 1. Copenhagen, 1857. 694–704. Print.Google Scholar
Paulsen, Christian. “Om Retsvidenskaben.” Samlede mindre skrifter 1. Copenhagen, 1857. 1–30. Print.Google Scholar
Paulsen, Christian. “Om Slesvigs indre forbindelse med Danmark.” Antislesvigholstenske Fragmenter 6. Ed. A.F. Krieger. Copenhagen, 1848. 1–8. Print.Google Scholar
Paulsen, Christian. “Ueber Volksthümlichkeit und Staatsrecht des Herzogthums Schleswig.” Samlede mindre skrifter 2. Copenhagen, 1857. 355–429. Print.Google Scholar
Pfaundler, Richard. “Die nationalen Verhältnisse in Steiermark am Ausgange des 19. Jahrhunderts.” Statistische Monatschrift 11 (1906): 401–430. Print.Google Scholar
Pleterski, Janko. Narodna inpolitična zavest na Koroškem: Narodna zavest in politična orientacija prebivalstva slovenske Koroške v letih 1848–1918. Ljubljana, 1965. Print.Google Scholar
Priestly, Tom. “On the Development of the Windischentheorie.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 124 (1997): 75–98. Print.Google Scholar
Renner, Karl. Das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Nationen. Vienna, 1918. Print.Google Scholar
Rerup, Lorenz. Slesvig og Holsten efter 1830. Copenhagen, 1982. Print.Google Scholar
Sach, August. Das Herzogtum Schleswig in seiner ethnographischen und nationalen Entwicklung. 3 vols. Halle, 1896–1907.Google Scholar
Sakson, Andrzej. Mazurzy: Spoleczność pogranicza. Poznań, 1990. Print.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Ernst. Briefwechsel der Brüder Grimm mit nordischen Gelehrten. Berlin, 1885. Reprint, Wallruf, Germany, 1974. Print.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Barry. Abraham Lincoln and the Forge of National Memory. Chicago, 2000. Print.Google Scholar
Suppan, Arnold. Jugoslawien und Österreich 1918–1938: Bilaterale Außenpolitik im europäischen Umfeld. Vienna, 1996. Print.Google Scholar
Synopticus [Karl Renner]. Staat und Nation: Staatsrechtliche Untersuchungen über die möglichen Principien einer Lösung und die juristischen Voraussetzungen eines Nationalitäten-Gesetzes. Vienna, 1899. Print.Google Scholar
Tai, Hue-Tam Ho. “Remembered Realms: Pierre Nora and French National Memory.” American Historical Review 106 (2001): 906–922. Print.Google Scholar
Waitz, Georg. Schleswig-Holsteins Geschichte. 3 vols. Göttingen, 1851. Print.Google Scholar
Wambaugh, Sarah. Plebiscites since the World War. 2 vols. Washington, DC, 1933. Print.Google Scholar
Wutte, Martin. Deutsch-Windisch-Slowenisch. Klagenfurt, 1927. Print.Google Scholar
[Žerjav, Gregor]. Die nationale Abgrenzung im Süden: Ein Beitrag zur Realisierung der Selbstbestimmung der Völker Österreich-Ungarns. Zagreb, 1917. Print.Google Scholar
Zwitter, Fran. O slovenskem narodnem vprašanju. Ljubljana, 1990. Print.Google Scholar