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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 April 2024
“For I tell you and your preachers, that Scripture which saith The poor shall inherit the earth, is really and materially to be fulfilled. For the earth is to be restored from the bondage of sword property, and it is to become a common treasury in reality to whole mankind; for this is the work of the true saviour to do, who is the true and faithful Leveller, even the spirit and power of universal love...
Thus wrote Gerrard Winstanley in 1650, about one year after the execution of Charles I. Sketching in the economic and political conditions of an earlier revolutionary period, Engels wrote in The Peasant War in Germany:
“Even the so-called religious wars of the sixteenth century involved primarily positive material class interests. Although the class struggles of the day were carried out under religious shibboleths, and though the interests, requirements, and demands of the various classes were concealed behind a religious screen, this changed nothing in the matter and is easily explained by the conditions of the time.”
1 A New Year's Gift to the Parliament and the Army, (CH), p 203.Google Scholar
2 Engels, , The Peasant War in Germany, in Marx and Engels On Religion Moscow 1975, p 87.Google Scholar
3 Hill, C., The Religion ofGerrard Winstanley, Past and Present Supplement 5, pp 56–57.Google Scholar
4 Engels, p 88.
5 Engels, p 91.
6 Engels, p 98.
7 Which is not to say that this effect was intended by anyone. The theory of ideology and of ideological functions has little in common with conspiracy theories.
8 “Gospel or Religious Language: Engels on the Peasant War”, Maguire, J. M., New Blaekfriars, August 1973, p 350.Google Scholar
9 The True Levellers Standard Advanced (S), p 262.Google Scholar
10 A New Year's Gif. (CH) p 166.Google Scholar
11 Op. cit. p 200.Google Scholar
12 Fire in the Bush, (CH) p 226.Google Scholar
13 The Law of Freedom in a Platform, (CH) p 296.Google Scholar
14 The True Levellers Standard Advanced, (CH) p 88.Google Scholar
15 Cf. Truth Lifting up its Head, (S) p 112; The New Law of Righteousness, (S) p 163.Google Scholar
16 Capital, 1, 1, i, iv, London 1970, p 79.Google Scholar
17 A Declaration of the Poor Oppressed People of England, (CH) p 99.Google Scholar
18 Cf. Appendix to The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism, by MacPherson, C. B., Oxford 1963, for an estimate of the figures.Google Scholar
19 Engels, p 90.
20 A Watchword to the City of London and the Army, (CH) p 129.Google Scholar
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