Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T09:12:08.442Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Cezayir-i Garp: Bringing Algeria back into Ottoman History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2015

Tal Shuval*
Affiliation:
Department of Middle East Studies, Ben Gurion University

Extract

Little is known even now of the history of Algeria under the Turks; it is a period which has not aroused much interest.

- M. Colombe

In this study I propose to outline the political history of Cezayir-i Garp, the Ottoman province of Algeria, during the seventeenth century, while at the same time noting the correspondence between this history and the various developments at the center of the Ottoman Empire as well as in some of the provinces. This similarity suggests that Ottoman rule in Algeria was influenced by the same factors that affected the rest of the Empire. The pattern of development of the province's Ottoman elite, and the nature of this elite's behavior, reinforce its position within the imperial framework, even in periods when it was considered to be on a divergent path. My argument is that the history of the Ottoman province of Algeria was an integral part of an imperial pattern and structure forged by complex and dynamic relations between the imperial capital and its provinces.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © New Perspectives on Turkey 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ageron, Charles Robert. 1991. Modern Algeria: A History from 1830 to the Present. Trans, and ed. Brett, Michael, London: Hurst & Company.Google Scholar
Arvieux, Laurent, Chevalier d’. 1735. Mémoires du chevalier d'Arvieux, vol. V. Paris.Google Scholar
Barbour, Neville. 1969. “North West Africa from the 15th to the 19th Centuries,” in The Muslim World: A Historical Survey, part III: The Last Great Muslim Empires. Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 97125.Google Scholar
Barkey, Karen. 1994. Bandits and Bureaucrats: The Ottoman Route to State Centralization. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Belhamissi, M. 1983. Histoire de la marine Algérienne (1516-1830). Algiers: Entreprise Nationale du Livre.Google Scholar
Boyer, Pierre. 1970. “Des pachas triennaux à la révolution d'Ali Khgodja Dey,” Revue Historique 495, pp. 99124.Google Scholar
Boyer, Pierre. 1970a. “Le problème koulougli dans la régence d'Alger,” ROMM special number, pp. 7794.Google Scholar
Boyer, Pierre. 1973. “La révolution dite ‘des Aghas’ dans la régence d'Alger (1659-1671),” ROMM 13-14, pp. 159-70.Google Scholar
Boyer, Pierre. 1974. “Alger en 1645 d'après les notes du R. R. Hérault (Introduction à la publication de ces dernières),” ROMM 17, pp. 1941.Google Scholar
Boyer, Pierre. 1975. “Continuation des mémoires des voyages du feu Père Hérault en Barbarie pour la Rédemption qu'il a escrit luy mesme estant à Arger l'an 1645 ainsi que s'en suit,” ROMM 19, pp. 2974.Google Scholar
Boyer, Pierre. 1985. “Les renegats et la marine de la régence d'Alger,” ROMM 39, pp. 93107.Google Scholar
Brahimi, D. 1970. “Quelques jugements sur les Maurs andalous dans les régences turques au XVIIIe siècle,” Revue d'Histoire et de la Civilisation du Maghreb 9, pp. 3951.Google Scholar
Colombe, Marcel. 1960. “Algeria, (2) The Turkish Period,” Encyclopaedia of Islam, new ed., vol. 1. Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 367-69.Google Scholar
Cresti, Federico. 1987. “Alger à la période turque: Observations et hypothèses sur sa population et sa structure sociale,” ROMM 44, pp. 125-33.Google Scholar
Dan, R. P. 1649. Histoire de la Barbarie et de ses corsaires. Paris.Google Scholar
Delphin, G. 1922. “Histoire des pachas d'Alger de 1515 à 1745-extrait d'une chronique indigène traduit et annoté,” Journal Asiatique 1922, pp. 162233.Google Scholar
Deny, J. 1920. “Les registres de solde des Janissaires conservés à la Bibliothèque Nationale d'Alger,” Revue Africaine 61, pp. 1946, 212-60.Google Scholar
Devoulx, A. 1867. “Les édifices religieux de l'ancien Alger,” Revue Africaine 8, pp. 2944.Google Scholar
Entelis, John P. 1986. Algeria: The Revolution Institutionalized. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Faroqhi, Suraiya. 1994. “Crisis and Change, 1590-1699,” pp. 411636, in An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1914, ed. İnalcık, Halil and Quataert, DonaldCambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
SirFisher, Godfrey. 1957. Barbary Legend: War, Trade and Piracy in North Africa 1415-1830. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Fleischer, Cornell H. 1986. Bureaucrat and Intellectual in the Ottoman Empire: The Historian Mustafa Âli (1541-1600). Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fontenay, Michel. 1988. “La place de la course dans l'économie portuaire: l'exemple de Malte et des ports barbaresques,” Annales E. S. C., pp. 1321-47.Google Scholar
Fontenay, Michel, and Tenenti, Alberto. 1975. “Course et piraterie méditerranéens de la fin du Moyen-Age au début du XIXème siècle,” in Commission Internationale d'Histoire Maritime, Course et piraterie: Etudes présentées à la Commission Internationale d'Histoire Maritime à l'occasion de son Xe colloque internationale pendant le XIVe congrès International des Sciences historiques (San Francisco, août 1975). Paris: CNRS, pp. 78136.Google Scholar
Gaïd, Mouloud. 1991. L'Algérie sous les Turcs. Algiers: Editions Mimouni.Google Scholar
Gerber, Haim. 1994. State, Society, and Law in Islam: Ottoman Law in a Comparative Perspective, Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Goldstone, Jack A. 1988. “East and West in the Seventeenth Century: Political Crisis in Stuart England, Ottoman Turkey, and Ming China,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, pp. 103-42.Google Scholar
Grammont, H.-D. de. 1879. Relations de la France et la Régence d'Alger au XVIIe siècle, Première Partie: Les deux canons de Simon Dansa (1606-1628). Algiers: Adolphe Jourdan.Google Scholar
Grammont, H.-D. de. 1880. Relations de la France et la Régence d'Alger au XVIIe siècle, Troisième Partie: La mission de Sanson Le Page et les agents intéri¬maires (1633-1649). Algiers: Adolphe Jourdan.Google Scholar
Grammont, H.-D. de. 1887. Histoire d'Alger sous la Domination Turque. Paris: Ernest Laroux Editeur.Google Scholar
Haedo, Fray Diego de. 1870, 1871. “Topographie et histoire générale d'Alger,” Revue Africaine 14 (8284, pp. 364-75, 414-33, 490-519); 15 (85-90, pp. 41-69, 90-111, 202-37, 307-19, 375-95, 458-73).Google Scholar
Hathaway, Jane. 1997. The Politics of Households in Ottoman Egypt: The Rise of the Qazdaglis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hathaway, Jane. 1998. “Egypt in the Seventeenth Century,” pp. 3458, in The Cambridge History of Egypt, ed. Daly, M. W.. Vol. 2: Modern Egypt, From 1517 to the End of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hess, Andrew C. 1977. “The Forgotten Frontier: The Ottoman North African Provinces During the Eighteenth Century,” pp. 7488, in Studies in Eighteenth Century Islamic History, ed. Naff, T. and Owen, R.. London.Google Scholar
Hess, Andrew C. 1978. The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoexter, Miriam. 1998. Endowment, Rulers and Community: Waqf al-Haramayn in Ottoman Algiers. Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hourani, Albert. 1991. A History of the Arab Peoples. New York: Warner Books.Google Scholar
İnalcık, Halil. 1980. “Military and Fiscal Transformation in the Ottoman Empire, 1600-1700,” Archivum Ottomanicum 6, pp. 283–337.Google Scholar
İnalcık, Halil. 1994. “The Ottoman State: Economy and Society, 1300-1600,” in An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1914, ed. İnalcık, Halil and Quataert, Donald. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Julien, Charles André. 1986. Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord. 2d ed., revised and updated by Tourneau, R. Le, Paris: Payot.Google Scholar
Kafadar, Cemal. 19971998. “The Question of Ottoman Decline,” Harvard Middle Eastern Review 4, pp. 3075.Google Scholar
Khiari, Férid. 1993. “Une communauté “résurgente”: les Andalous en Alger de 1570 à 1670,” Revue d'Histoire Maghrébine 69-70, pp. 119–20.Google Scholar
Khoury, Dina Rizk. 1997. State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire: Mosul, 1540-1834. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kunt, Metin. 1983. The Sultan's Servants: The Transformation of Ottoman Provincial Government, 1550-1650. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Laroui, Abdallah. 1977. The History of the Maghrib: An Interpretive Essay. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Le Gall, Michel. 1997. “Forging the Nation-State: Some Issues in the Historiography of Modern Libya,” in The Maghrib in Question: Essays in History and Historiography, ed. Gall, Michel Le and Perkins, Kenneth. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 95109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGowan, Bruce. 1994. “The Age of the Ayans,” pp. 637758, in An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1914, ed. İnalcık, Halil and Quataert, Donald. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 637758.Google Scholar
Mantran, Robert. 1984. “Le Statut de l'Algérie, de la Tunisie et de la Tripolitaine dans l'Empire Ottoman,” in L'Empire Ottoman du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, ed. Mantran, Robert. London: Variorum, pp. 314.Google Scholar
Süreyya, Mehmed. 19951997. Sicill-i Osmani. 6 vols. Istanbul: Sebil Yayınevi.Google Scholar
Mercier, Ernest. 1891. Histoire de l'Afrique Septentrionale (Berbérie) depuis les Temps les Plus Reculés jusqu'à la Conquête Française (1830), vol. III. Paris: Ernest Laroux Editeur.Google Scholar
Murphey, Rhoads. 1979. “The Functioning of the Ottoman Army Under Murad IV (1623-1639/1032-1049): Key to the Understanding of the Relationship Between Center and Periphery in Seventeenth-Century Turkey.” Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Paradis, Jean-Michel Venture de. 1983. Tunis et Alger au XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Sindbad.Google Scholar
Raymond, André. 1984. The Great Arab Cities in the 16th-18th Centuries: An Introduction. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Raymond, André. 1985. Grandes villes arabes à l'époque ottomane. Paris: Sindbad.Google Scholar
Raymond, André. 1989. “Les Provinces Arabes (XVIe siècle-XVIIIe siècle),” pp. 341–420, in Histoire de l'Empire Ottoman, ed. Mantran, Robert, Paris: Fayard.Google Scholar
Raymond, André. 1991. “Soldiers in Trade: The Case of Ottoman Cairo,” BRUMES 18, no. 1, pp. 1632.Google Scholar
Ruedy, John. 1992. Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Saidouni, N. 1978. “Tabiat al-kitabat al-tarikhiyya haul al-fatra al-uthmaniyya min tarikh al-Jaza'ir,” Al-majala al- arikhiyya al-mis-riyya 25, pp. 149-77.Google Scholar
Samih, Aziz. 19361937. Şimalî Afrikada Türkler. 2 vols. Istanbul: Vakit.Google Scholar
Shuval, Tal. 1998. La ville d'Alger vers la fin du XVIIIe siècle: Population et cadre urbain. Paris: CNRS.Google Scholar
Shuval, Tal. 2000. “The Ottoman Algerian Elite and Its Ideology,” UMES 32 (3), forthcoming.Google Scholar
Tassy, Laugier de. 1750. A Complete History of the Piratical State of Barbary. London.Google Scholar
Toledano, Ehud R. 1997. “The Emergence of Ottoman Elites in the Middle East and North Africa (1700-1900),” pp. 145-62, in Middle Eastern Politics and Ideas, ed. Papé, Han and Ma'oz, Moshe. London and New York.Google Scholar
Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı. 1988. Osmanlı Devletinin Merkez ve Bahriye Teşkilatı. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.Google Scholar
Wansbrough, John. 1968. “The Decolonization of North African History.” Journal of African History 9, pp. 643-50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, Peter Lamborn. 1995. Pirate Utopias: Moorish Corsairs and European Renegades. New York: Autonomedia.Google Scholar
Wolf, John B. 1979. The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks 1500 to 1830. New York and London: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Woodhead, Christine. 1995. “Introduction,” pp. 117-21, in Süleyman the Magnificent and His Age: The Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern World, ed. Kunt, Metin and Woodhead, Christine. London and New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Ze'evi, Dror. 1996. An Ottoman Century: The District of Jerusalem in the 1600s. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar