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Jewish Christianity: Definitions and Terminology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2009

Stanley K. Riegel
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Type
Short Studies
Information
New Testament Studies , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , April 1978 , pp. 410 - 415
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1978

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References

page 410 note 1 Daniélou, Jean, Théologie du Judéo-Christianisme (Paris: Desclée & Cie, 1958), pp. 17–19Google Scholar. English edition and translation, The Theology of Jewish Christianity (London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1964), pp. 7–9Google Scholar; Kraft, Robert A., ‘In Search of “Jewish Christianity” and its “Theology”: Problems of definition and methodology’, Recherches de Science Religieuse 60 (1, 1972), 81–92Google Scholar; Longenecker, Richard N., The Christology of Early Jewish Christianity (London: SCM, 1970), p. 1Google Scholar, ‘The expression Jewish Christianity is employed in a variety of ways today.’ He goes on to enumerate at least three (pp. 1–3); Munck, J., ‘Jewish Christianity in post-apostolic times’, N.T.S. 6 (1959), 103Google Scholar expresses a similar sentiment; ‘The words “Jewish-Christian” and “Jewish-Christianity” are used in several different senses within the field of New Testament research. Some scholars – no doubt oneself included on occasion – use them with varying significance in the same article or book, so that the reader is either led astray, or discovers that the words do not have the same meaning every time they occur’; Wilson, R. McL., ‘Jewish Christianity and Gnosticism’, Recherches de Science Religieuse 60 (2, 1972), 261–72.Google Scholar

page 410 note 2 As examples of the use of these terms the reader is referred to the following works: for ‘Jewish Christianity’, Longenecker, R. N., ChristologyGoogle Scholar; for ‘Judaeo-Christianity’, Reuss, E., History of Christian Theology in the Apostolic Age (ET, London: Hodder & Stoughton), 1872, pp. 346–48Google Scholar; Daniélou, J., ThéologieGoogle Scholar; and Murray, R., ‘Defining Judaeo-Christianity’, Heythrop Journal, 15 (3, 1974), 303–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar; for ‘Judaistic Christianity’, Hort, F. J. A., Judaistic Christianity (Cambridge and London: Macmillan, 1894)Google Scholar; for ‘Judaic Christianity’, Quispel, G., ‘The Discussion of Judaic Christianity’, Vigiliae Christiane, 22 (2, 1968), 81–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 411 note 1 Baur, F. C., ‘Die Christuspartei in der Korinthischen Gemeinde, der Gegensatz des petrinischen und paulinischen Christenthums in der ältesten Kirche, der Apostel Paulus in Rom’, Tübinger, Zeitschrift für Theologie 4 (1831), 61–206.Google Scholar

page 411 note 2 Klijn, A. F. J., ‘The Study of Jewish Christianity’, N.T.S. 20 (4, 1974), 419Google Scholar, ‘Modern study of Jewish Christianity began with F. C. Baur in 1830’; Longenecker, R. N, Christology, p. 5Google Scholar, ‘It was Ferdinand Christian Baur who…first clearly treated Jewish Christianity as an entity; in this case, a distinct as well as distinguishable entity.’

page 411 note 3 Baur, , ‘Die Christuspartei’, pp. 84, 107–8.Google Scholar

page 411 note 4 Baur, F. C., Paul, the Apostle of Jesus Christ (ET, London: Williams and Norgate, 1873), I, 40, 43.Google Scholar

page 411 note 5 Hort, , Judaistic Christianity, p. 5.Google Scholar

page 411 note 6 Bousset, W., Kyrios Christos (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 3rd edn 1921), p. 20Google Scholar; Lietzmann, Hans, Geschichte der Alten Kirche, IGoogle Scholar, Die Anfänge (Berlin and Leipzig: de Gruyter, 1932), pp. 190–1.Google Scholar

page 411 note 7 Schoeps, H. J., Theologie und Geschichte des Judenchristenthums (Tübingen: Mohr, 1949).Google Scholar

page 412 note 1 Schoeps, H. J., Jewish Christianity: Factional Disputes in the Early Church (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1969), p. 9Google Scholar. This book is a translation of a condensed version of Theologie und Geschichte. For a detailed discussion of the name ‘Jewish Christian’ see Theologie und Geschichte, pp. 8–25.Google Scholar

page 412 note 2 Ibid. pp. 8, 10, 13.

page 412 note 3 Daniélou, , Theology, p. 9.Google Scholar

page 412 note 4 Ibid. p. 10.

page 412 note 5 Ibid. p. 11, note 21.

page 412 note 6 Longenecker, , Christology.Google Scholar

page 412 note 7 Ibid. p. 3.

page 412 note 8 Ibid. pp. 3–4.

page 412 note 9 Ibid. p. 4.

page 413 note 1 Quispel, G., ‘The Discussion of Judaic Christianity’, Vigiliae Christiana 22 (2, 1968), 81–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Interestingly, Quispel uses the term ‘Judaic Christianity’ in the title of his article but reverts to ‘Jewish Christianity’ in the text when referring to the same thing. This simply illustrates the present confusion.

page 413 note 2 Ibid. p. 81.

page 413 note 3 Ibid. pp. 84–6.

page 413 note 4 Klijn, A. F. J., ‘The Study of Jewish Christianity’, N.T.S. 20 (4, 1974), 419–31.Google Scholar

page 413 note 5 Ibid. p. 426.

page 413 note 6 Ibid. p. 426.

page 413 note 7 Ibid. p. 431.

page 413 note 8 Ibid. p. 431. Kraft, , ‘Search’, pp. 81–92Google Scholar similarly questions whether ‘a theology’ can be spoken of.

page 413 note 9 Murray, R., ‘Defining Judaeo-Christianity’, Heythrop journal 15 (3, 1974), 303–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 413 note 10 Ibid. p. 303.

page 413 note 11 Ibid. p. 308.

page 414 note 1 I am indebted here to the perceptive analysis of Longenecker, R. N., Christology, pp. 1–3.Google Scholar

page 414 note 2 For example: Baur, F. C, Paul; The Church History of the First Three Centuries, 2 vols. (ET, London, 1878–1879), 1, 106, 108Google Scholar; Ritschl, A., Die Entstehung der Altkatholischen Kirche (2nd ednBonn, 1857), pp. 151–2Google Scholar; Weizsäcker, C., The Apostolic Age of the Christian Church, 2 vols. (ET, London, 1894–1895), 1, 184, 358Google Scholar; Hort, F. J. A., Judaistic ChristianityGoogle Scholar, to name a few.

page 414 note 3 For example: Pfleiderer, O., Das Urchristenthum (Berlin, 1887)Google Scholar; Bousset, W., Kyrios ChristosGoogle Scholar; Leitzmann, H., GeschichteGoogle Scholar; Bultmann, R., Theologie des Neuen Testaments (3rd ednTübingen, 1958), pp. 27–8, 51–3Google Scholar; Schoeps, H. J, Jewish ChristianityGoogle Scholar; Brandon, S. G. F., The Fall of Jerusalem (London, 1951), pp. 79–87Google Scholar, to name a few.

page 414 note 4 For example: Jocz, J., The Jewish People and Jesus Christ (London, 1949), p. 152Google Scholar; Dix, G., Jew and Greek (Westminster, 1953), pp. 27–9Google Scholar; Chadwick, H., The Circle and the Ellipse (Oxford, 1959), p. 4Google Scholar; Filson, F. V, Three Crucial Decades (London, 1963), p. 71Google Scholar; Green, M., Evangelism in the Early Church (Grand Rapids, 1970), pp. 99, 103.Google Scholar

page 414 note 5 For example: Goppelt, L., Jesus, Paul and Judaism (ET, New York, 1964)Google Scholar; Apostolic and Post-Apostolic Times (ET, London, 1970), pp. 8–33Google Scholar; Daniélou, , TheologyGoogle Scholar; Longenecker, , Christology.Google Scholar

page 414 note 6 Brandon, S. G. F., Fall of Jerusalem; Munck, ‘Jewish Christianity’.Google Scholar

page 414 note 7 Quispel, ‘Discussion’; Klijn, ‘Study’.

page 414 note 8 Jewish Christianity, Judaeo-Christianity, Judaistic Christianity, Judaic Christianity.

page 415 note 1 Cf. Klijn, , ‘Study’, p. 431.Google Scholar

page 415 note 2 Cf. Murray, , ‘Defining’, p. 303.Google Scholar

page 415 note 3 For a discussion of sources see: Longenecker, , Christolog, pp. 11–22Google Scholar; Goppelt, L., Apostolic, p. 25.Google Scholar

page 415 note 4 Longenecker, , Christology, p. 4Google Scholar. cf. Wilson, R. McL., ‘Jewish Christianity and Gnosticism’, Recherches de Science Religieuse, 60 (2, 1972), 261–72Google Scholar. We are thinking here, as Wilson has analysed Longenecker, 's definition, of ‘a historical entity with a definite history’ (p. 271)Google Scholar. Wilson seems to support our proposed definition when he goes on to say, ‘It might make for clarity if we were to restrict the term Jewish Christianity more closely to the historical phenomenon, recognising at the same time that Paul and Pauline Christianity represent one particular off-shoot, still marked at many points by the original Jewish Christian character but developing in its own way’ (p. 271).