Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T05:27:49.920Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nordic Umlaut and Breaking Thirty Years of Research (1951–1980)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 December 2008

Hreinn Benediktsson
Hreinn Benediktsson
Affiliation:
University of Iceland, Is-101 Rekjavik, Iceland
Get access

Abstract

The article contains a critical survey of Nordic umlaut research during the last thirty years. An attempt is made to evaluate the various contributions to this research which have been based, alternately, on structural generative phonological theory; in contrast to the earlier heavily datae-based research, recent work in this field has indeed been more exclusively theory- oriented. that the results of these ene deavors have on the whole not been commensurate with the effort; in spite of the evident optimism which, at certain times at any rate, has dominated this research, it apperars indeed that some of the traditional or classical problems of Nordic umlaut research tend to persist, or continually toreappear, in one guise or another, and thus to continue to defy a convincing solution.

Type
Research Article
Information
Nordic Journal of Linguistics , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , June 1982 , pp. 1 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Antonsen, , Elmer, H. 1967: “Proto-Scandinavian” and Common Nordic. Scandinavian Studies 39, 16–39.Google Scholar
Benediktsson, Hreinn 1963: Some Aspects of Nordic Umlaut and Breaking. Language 39, 409–431.Google Scholar
Benediktsson, 1967: The Proto-Germanic Vowel System. In To Honor Roman Jakobson. Essays on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday. 11 October 1966. Janua, Linguarum, Series, Maior, 31–33. Mouton, The Hagur, Paris, pp. 174–196.Google Scholar
Benediktsson, Hreinn 1974: The Common Nordic Vowel System. Scandinavian Studies 46, 89–101.Google Scholar
Benediktsson, Hreinn 1979: A Phantom of a Rule: Icelandic Vowel Shift. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 2, 65–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benediktsson, Hreinn, 1980a: Nordic Umlaut and Breaking: Thirty Years of Research. In Fourth International Conference of Nordic and General Linguistics. Oslo, June 23-27, 1980. Abstracts (Supplement), pp. 10–43.Google Scholar
Benediktsson, Hreinn 1980b: Nordic Syncope, Umlaut, and Breaking: A Few Comments. In Hovdhaugan, Even (ed.) 1980: The Nordic Languages and Modern Linguistics. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference of Nordic and General Linguistics in Oslo 1980. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, Bergen, Tromsø, pp. 140–142.Google Scholar
Bibire, Paul 1975: Some Notes on the Old Icelandic Front Mutations. Arkiv för nordisk filologi 90, 183–212.Google Scholar
Braroe, Eva, Ejerhed 1979: Exceptions to Old Icelandic i-Umlaut. Studia Linguistica 33, 43–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cathey, , James, E. 1972: Synocpation, i-Mutation, and Short Stem Forms in Old Icelandic. Arkiv for nordisk filologi 87, 33–55.Google Scholar
Cathey, , James, E. and Demers, , Richars, A. 1979: Vocalic Alternations in OldIcelandic. Studia Linguistica 33, 26–42.Google Scholar
Diderichsen, Paul [1938]: Akcent–Synkope–Omlyd. In Selskab for nordisk Filologi. Aarsberthing for 1937-38, pp.5–7. –[Reprinted, with English summary, in Diderichsen, Paul 1966: Helhed og struktur. Udvalgte sprogvidenskabelige afhandlinger. Gads forlag, G.E.C.,København, pp. 27–30.]Google Scholar
Diderichsen, Paul 1946 (1947): Nordistmødet i København Januar 1946. Malaog Midler i Nutidens nordiske Filologi. Indleding.Acta Philologica Scandinavica 19, 62–77.Google Scholar
Dyvik, , Helge, J.J. 1973: Forslag til forklaring av i-omlydens fravær i kortstavetc synkoperte former. Maal og Minne 1973, 151–161.Google Scholar
Dyvik, , Helge, J. J. 1978: Breaking in Old Norse and Related languages: A Reassessment of the Phonetic Conditions. Arkiv för nordirk filologi 93, 1–37.Google Scholar
Haugen, Einar 1969: Phonemic Indeterminacy and Scandinavian Umlaut. Folia Linguistica 3, 107–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hesselman, Bengt 1945: Omljud och brything i de nordiska språken. Förstudier till en nordisk språkhistoria. Nordiska texter och undersökningar 15. Hugo Gebers Förlag, Stockholm; Ejnar Munksgaard, Köpenhamn.Google Scholar
Hoff, Ingeborg 1949: Vilkårene for brything av germansk e til ia, io i vestnordisk. Arkiv för nordisk filologi 64, 177–210.Google Scholar
Holm, Gösta 1960: Om det nordiska u-omljudet. Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv 83, 79–136.Google Scholar
Holm, , Gösta, 1963: U-omljud och språkgeografi. Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv 86, 80–101.Google Scholar
Iverson, , Gregory, K. 1978: Synchronic Umlaut in Old Icelandic. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 1, 121–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iverson, , Gregory, K. and Sanders, , Gerald, A. 1980: The Functional Determination of Phonological Rule Interactions. Studia Linguistica 34, 168–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, , Robert, D. 1971: Syncope and Old Icelandic i-Umlaut. Arkiv för nordisk filologi 86, 1–18.Google Scholar
King, , Robert, D. 1972: Intermediate Stages in Nordic u-Umlaut. In Weinstock, John, M. (ed.) 1972: Saga og Språk. Studies in Language and Literature. The Pemberton Press, Austin, Texas, pp. 187–199.Google Scholar
King, , Robert, D. 1973: Rule Insertion. Language 49, 551–578.Google Scholar
King, , Robert, D. 1975: chapter-titleIntegrating Linguistic Change. In Dahlstedt, , Karl-Hampus, (ed.) 1975:The Nordic Languages and Modern Linguistics 2. Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Nordic and General Linguistics. University of Umeå. June 14-19, 1973. Almqvist & Wiksell International, Stockholm, pp. 47–69.Google Scholar
Kratz, Henry 1960: The Phonemic Approach to Umlaut in Old Hing German and Old Norse. Journal of English and Germanic Philology 59, 463–479.Google Scholar
Kurylowicz, , Jerzy, 1945–1949: La nature des proc`s dits “analogiques”. Acta Linguistica 5, 15–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markström, , Herbert, 1954: Om utvecklingen av gammalt framför u i nordiska språk. Tilljämning och omljud.Skrifter utgivna av Institutionen för nordiska språk vid Uppsala universitet 2. Almqvist & Wilksells, Uppsala.Google Scholar
Nielsen, , Karl, Martin 1957: Scandinavian Breaking. Acta Philologica Scandinavica 24, 33–45.Google Scholar
Penzl, Herbest 1949: Umlaut and Secondary Umlaut in Old High German. Language 25, 223–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penzl, Herbert 1951: Zur Entstehung des i-Umlauts im Nordgermanischen. Arkiv för nordisk filologi 66, 1–15.Google Scholar
Sievers, Eduard 1878: Zur Akzent- und Lautlehere der germanischen Sprachen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literature 5, 63–163.Google Scholar
Skomedal, Trygve 1980a: Synkope, omlyd og bryting i nordisk. In Fourth International Conference of Nordic and General Linguistics. Oslo, June 23-27, 1980. Abstracts, pp. 59–80.Google Scholar
Skomedal, Trygve 1980b: Synkope, omlyd og bryting i nordisk. In Hovdhaugen, , Even, (ed.) 1980: The Nordic Languages and Modern Linguistics. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference of Nordic and General Linguistics in Oslo 1980. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, Bergen, Tromsø, pp. 120–139.Google Scholar
Steblin-Kamenskij, M.I. 1957: Scandinavian Breaking from a Phonemic Point of View. Studia Linguistica 11, 84–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steblin-Kamenskij, M.I. 1959: Concerning the Three Periods in the Scandinavian i-Umlaut. Arkiv för nordisk filologi 74, 105–111.Google Scholar
Svensson, John 1944: Diftongering med palatalt förslag i de nordiska språken. Riktlinjer för en undersökning av brythingen och därmed besläktade diftongeringsföreteelser. Lundastudier i nordisk språkvetenskap 2. Håkan Ohlssone boktryckeri,Lund.Google Scholar
Szulc, Aleksander 1964: Umalut und Brechung. Zur inneren und åusseren Geschichte der nordischen Sprachen. Poznańskit towarzystwo przyjaciól nauk, Whdzial filologiczno-filozoficzny, Prace komisji jzykoznawczej, 3:1,Poznań.Google Scholar
Twaddell, , Freeman, W. 1938: A Note on Old High German Umlaut. Monatshefte r deutschen Unterricht 30, 177–181. –[Reprinted in Joos, Martin (ed.) 1957: Readings in lLinguistics. The Development of Descriptive Linguistics in America since 1925. American Council of Learned Societies,Washinggton, pp. 85–87.]Google Scholar
Venås, Kjell. 1973: Old Norse i-Umlaut in TG-grammatical Light. Some Remarks on an Article by Robert, D.King, . Arkiv för nordisk filologi 88, 149–163.Google Scholar
Widmark, Gun 1959: Det nordiska u-omljudet. En dialektgeografisk undersökning. Skrifiter utgivan av Institutionen för nordiska språk vid Uppsala universitet 6. Almqvist & Wiksells, Uppsala.Google Scholar
Widmark, Gun 1963: Ordgeografi och språkhistoria. Ett Klarläggande och ett genmäle. Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv 86, 1–79.Google Scholar
Widmark, Gun 1974: U-omljud och språkhistoria Svenska landsmål och svenskt forkliv 87, 195–206.Google Scholar