Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T21:21:16.298Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The impact of low concentrations of aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol or fumonisin in diets on growing pigs and poultry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2007

Yueming Dersjant-Li ,
Martin W.A. Verstegen  and
Walter J.J. Gerrits
Yueming Dersjant-Li
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen UniversityPO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
Martin W.A. Verstegen
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen UniversityPO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
Walter J.J. Gerrits*
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen UniversityPO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Walter J. J. Gerrits, fax +31 317 484260, email walter.gerrits@wur.nl
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In the present review, the quantitative impact of dietary aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin concentrations on performance of pigs and broilers is evaluated, with special emphasis on low concentrations of these toxins. Also, responses in performance of pigs and broilers to these three toxins are related to their absorption and elimination kinetics. By applying simple linear regression, information from many literature sources is integrated and condensed into, for example, estimates of depression in rates of weight gain, relative to non-contaminated diets, with increasing toxin concentrations. It was estimated that with each mg/kg increase of aflatoxin in the diet, the growth rate would be depressed by 16 % for pigs and 5 % for broilers. For DON, with each mg/kg increase in the diet, the growth depression was estimated at about 8 % for pigs, while broilers showed no response to DON concentrations below 16 mg/kg. Fumonisin showed the lowest impact on growth performance; with each mg/kg increase, the depression in growth rate was estimated at 0·4 and 0·0 % for pigs and broilers, respectively. Dietary concentrations that cause a 5 % reduction in growth rate were estimated at 0·3 and 1·0 mg/kg for aflatoxin for pigs and broilers, respectively; 1·8 and 0·6 mg/kg for pure and naturally contaminated DON for pigs, respectively; 21 and 251 mg/kg for fumonisin for pigs and broilers, respectively.

Keywords

AflatoxinDeoxynivalenolFumonisinToxinsFarm animal nutrition
Type
Research Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , Volume 16 , Issue 2 , December 2003 , pp. 223 - 239
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2003

References

Armbrecht, BH, Wiseman, HG, Shalkop, WT & Geleta, JN (1971) Swine aflatoxicosis. 1. An assessment of growth efficiency and other responses in growing pigs fed aflatoxin. Environmental Physiology 1,198–208.Google Scholar
Bergsjø, B & Kaldhusdal, M (1994) No association found between the ascites syndrome in broilers and feeding of oats contaminated with deoxynivalenol up to thirty-five days of age. Poultry Science 73, 1758–1762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bikker, P, Verstegen, MWA, Campbell, RG & Kemp, B (1994) Digestible lysine requirement of gilts with high genetic potential for lean gain, in relation to the level of energy intake. Journal of Animal Science 72, 1744–1753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, TP, Rottinghaus, GE & Williams, ME (1992) Fumonisin mycotoxicosis in broilers: performance and pathology. Avian Diseases 36, 450–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlson, RL, Fritschen, RD, Peo, ER Jr, Lewis, AJ & Crenshaw, JD (1983) Effect of vomitoxin contaminated wheat and copperaddition in weanling pig diets. Journal of Animal Science 57, Suppl. 1, 239.Google Scholar
Clarkson, JR (1979) Aflatoxicosis in swine: a review. Forum Newsletter 12, no.4, November 1979.Google Scholar
Coffey, MT, Hagler, WM Jr & Cullen, JM (1989) Influence of dietary protein, fat or amino acids on the response of weaning swine to a.atoxin B1. Journal of Animal Science 67, 465–472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colvin, BM, Cooley, AJ & Beaver, RW (1993) Fumonisin toxicosis in swine: Clinical and pathologic findings. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 5, 232–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colvin, BM & Harrison, LN (1992) Fumonisin-induced pulmonary edema and hydrothorax in swine. Mycophathologia 117, 79–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cote, LM, Beasley, VR, Bratich, PM, Swanson, SP, Shivaprasad, HL & Buck, WB (1985) Sex-related reduced weight gains in growing swine fed diets containing deoxynivalenol. Journal of Animal Science 61, 942–950.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diaz, GJ & Boermans, HJ (1994) Fumonisin toxicosis in domestic animals: a Review. Veterinary Human Toxicology 36, 548–555.Google Scholar
Doerr, A, Huff, WE, Wabeck, CJ, Chaloupka, GW, May, JD & Merkley, JW (1983) Effects of low level chronic aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 62, 1971–1977.Google Scholar
Dutton, MF (1996) Fumonisins, mycotoxins of increasing importance: their nature and their effects. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 70, 137–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, DL, Ramsdell, HS & Neal, GE (1994) Biotransformation of aflatoxins. In The Toxicology of Aflatoxins. Human Health, Veterinary and Agricultural Significance, pp.45–71 [Eaton, DL and Groopman, JD editors]. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Espada, Y,Ruiz de Gopegui, R, Cuadradas, C & Cabañes, FJ (1994) Fumonisin mycotoxicosis in broilers. Weights and serum chemistry modifications. Avian Diseases 38, 454–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forsyth, DM, Yoshizawa, T, Morooka, N & Tuite, J (1977) Emetic and refusal activity of deoxynivalenol in swine. Applied Environmental Microbiology 34, 547–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, BC, Trenholm, HL, Friend, DW, Thompson, BK & Hartin, KE (1986) Evaluation of different sources of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) fed to swine. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, 1149–1154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friend, DW, Trenholm, HL, Elliot, JI, Thompson, BK & Hartin, KE (1982) Effect of feeding vomitoxin-contaminated wheat to pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 62, 1211–1222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friend, DW, Trenholm, HL, Thompson, BK, Fiser, PS & Hartin, KE (1986a) Effect of feeding diets containing deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin)-contaminated wheat or corn on the feed consumption, weight gain, organ weight and sexual development of male and female pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, 765–775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friend, DW, Trenholm, HL, Thompson, BK, Prelusky, DB & Hartin, KE (1986 b) Effect of deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated diet fed to growing-finishing pigs on their performance at market weight, nitrogen retention and DON excretion. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, 1075–1085.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giambrone, JJ, Diener, UL, Davis, ND, Panangala, VS & Hoerr, FJ (1985) Effects of aflatoxin on young turkeys and broiler chickens. Poultry Science 64, 1678–1684.Google Scholar
Guzman, RE, Casteel, SW, Rottinghaus, GE & Turk, JR (1997) Chronic consumption of fumonisins derived from Fusarium moniliforme culture material: Clinical and pathologic effects in swine. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 9, 216–218.Google Scholar
Harrison, LR, Colvin, BM, Greene, JT, Newman, LE & Cole, JR (1990) Pulmonary edema and hydrothorax in swine produced by fumonisin B1, a toxic metabolite of Fusarium moniliforme. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 2, 217–221.Google Scholar
Hart, LP & Schabenberger, O (1998) Variability of vomitoxin truckloads of wheat in a wheat scab epidemic year. Plant Disease 82, 625–630.Google Scholar
Harvey, RB, Edrington, TS, Kubena, LF, Elissalde, MH & Rottinghaus, GE (1995 a) Influence of aflatoxin and fuminisin B1-containing culture material on growing barrows. American Journal of Veterinary Research 56, 1668–1672.Google Scholar
Harvey, RB, Huff, WE, Kubena, LF & Phillips, TD (1989) Evaluation of diets cocontaminated with aflatoxin and ochratoxin fed to growing pigs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, 1400–1405.Google Scholar
Harvey, RB, Kubena, LF & Elissalde, MH (1995 b) Effects of aflatoxin on tocopherol and retinol concentrations in growing barrows. Agri-Practice 16, 12–14.Google Scholar
He, P, Young, LG & Forsberg, C (1993) Microbially detoxified vomitoxin-contaminated corn for young pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71, 963–967.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hooker, DC, Schaafsma, AW & Tamburic-Illincic, L (2002) Using weather variables pre- and post-heading to predict deoxynivalenol in winter wheat. Plant Disease 86, 611–619.Google Scholar
Hsieh, DPH (1979) Basic metabolic effects of mycotoxins. In Interactions of Mycotoxins in Animal Production. Proceedings of a Symposium, July 13, 1978, Michigan State University, 1979, pp.43–55. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Hsieh, DPH & Wong, JJ (1994) Pharmacokinetics and excretion of aflatoxins. In The Toxicology of Aflatoxins. Human Health, Veterinary, and Agricultural Significance, pp.73–88 [Eaton, DL and Groopman, JD editors]. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Huff, WE (1980) Evaluation of tibial dyschondroplasia during aflatoxicosis and feed restriction in young broiler chickens. Poultry Science 59, 991–995.Google Scholar
Huff, WE, Kubena, LF, Harvey, RB, Hagler, WM Jr, Swanson, SP, Phillips, TD & Creger, CR (1986) Individual and combined effects of a.atoxin and deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 65, 1291–1298.Google Scholar
Hulan, HW & Proudfoot, FG (1982) Effects of feeding vomitoxin contaminated wheat on the performance of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 61, 1653–1659.Google Scholar
Kubena, LF, Edrington, TS, Harvey, RB, Buckley, SA, Phillips, TD, Rottinghaus, GE & Casper, HH (1997) Individual and combined effects of fumonisin B1 present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material and T-2 toxin or deoxynivalenol in broiler chicks. Poultry Science 76, 1239–1247.Google Scholar
Kubena, LF, Huff, WE, Harvey, RB, Corrier, DE, Phillips, TD & Creger, CR (1988) Influence of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol on growing broiler chicks. Poultry Science 67, 253–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kubena, LF, Huff, WE, Harvey, RB, Phillips, TD & Rottinghaus, GE (1989) Individual and combined toxicity of deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin in broiler chicks. Poultry Science 68, 622–626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Latimer, GW (2002) Distribution of aflatoxin-containing whole grain and whole seed in commercial channels and their use in mixed feeds. Feed Industry Memorandum no.5–12. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University.Google Scholar
Li, YC, Ledoux, DR, Bermudez, AJ, Fritsche, KL & Rottinghaus, GE (1999) Effects of fumonisin B1 on selected immune responses in broiler chicks. Poultry Science 78, 1275–1282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lillehoj, EB (1979) Natural occurrence of mycotoxins in feeds: pitfalls in determination. In Interactions of Mycotoxins in Animal Production. Proceedings of a Symposium, July 13, 1978, Michigan State University, 1979, pp.139–153. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Lindemann, MD, Blodgett, DJ, Kornegay, ET & Schurig, GG (1993) Potential ameliorators of aflatoxicosis in weanling/growing swine. Journal of Animal Science 71, 171–178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lun, AK, Young, LG & Lumsden, JH (1985) The effects of vomitoxin and feed intake on the performance and blood characteristics of young pigs. Journal of Animal Science 61, 1178–1185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lüthy, J, Zweifel, U & Schlatter, CH (1980) Metabolism and tissue distribution of [14C] aflatoxin B1 in pigs. Food and Chemical Toxicology 18, 253–256.Google Scholar
Mabee, MS & Chipley, JR (1973) Tissue distribution and metabolism of aflatoxin B1 [14C] in layer chicks. Journal of Food Science 38, 566–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Machinski, M Jr, Valente Soares, LM, Sawazaki, E, Bolonhezi, D, Castro, JL & Bortolleto, N (2001) A.atoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in Brazilian corn cultvars. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 81, 1001–1007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mani, K & Sundaresan, K (1998) Combined effects of aflatoxin B1 and spontaneous IBD exposure of commercial broilers. Cheiron 27, 59–62.Google Scholar
Motelin, GK, Haschek, WM, Ness, DK, Hall, WF, Harlin, KS, Schaeffer, DJ & Beasley, VR (1994) Temporal and dose-response features in swine fed corn screenings contaminated with fumonisin mycotoxins. Mycopathologia 126, 27–40.Google Scholar
Øvernes, G, Matre, T, Sivertsen, T, Larsen, HJS, Langseth, W, Reitan, LJ & Jansen, JH (1997) Effects of diets with graded levels of naturally deoxynivalenol contaminated oats on immune response in growing pigs. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 44 A, 539–550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panangala, VS, Giambrone, JJ, Diener, UL, Davis, ND, Hoerr, FJ, Mitra, A, Schultz, RD & Wilt, GR (1986) Effect of aflatoxin on the growth performance and immune responses of weanling swine. American Journal of Veterinary Research 47,2062–2067.Google Scholar
Pollmann, DS, Koch, BA, Seitz, LM, Mohr, HE & Kennedy, GA (1985) Deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat in swine diets. Journal of Animal Science 60 239–247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prabaharan, S, Titus George, V & Balasubramaniam, GA (1999) Influence of dietary aflatoxin and coccidiosis on growth rate in broiler chicken. Indian Veterinary Journal 76 827–828.Google Scholar
Prelusky, DB, Hamilton, RMG, Trenholm, HL & Miller, JD (1986) Tissue distribution and excretion of radioactivity following administration of 14C–labelled deoxynivalenol to white leghorn hens. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 7 635–645.Google Scholar
Prelusky, DB, Hartin, KE, Trenholm, HL & Miller, JD (1988) Pharmacokinetic fate of 14C–labeled deoxynivalenol in swine. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 10 276–286.Google Scholar
Prelusky, DB, Miller, JD & Trenholm, HL (1996 a) Disposition of 14C–derived residues in tissues of pigs fed radiolabelled fumonisin B1. Food Additives and Contaminants 13 155–162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prelusky, DB & Trenholm, HL (1992) Nonaccumulation of residues in swine tissues following extended consumption of deoxynivalenol–contaminated diets. Journal of Food Science 57 801–802.Google Scholar
Prelusky, DB, Trenholm, HL, Rotter, BA, Miller, JD, Savard, ME, Yeung, JM & Scott, PM (1996 b) Biological fate of fumonisin B1 in food–producing animals. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 392 265–278.Google Scholar
Productschap voor Veevoeder (2001) Diervoederwetgeving in Nederland. Den Haag, The Netherlands: Productschap voor Veevoeder.Google Scholar
Ram, KV, Rao, DG & Rao, PR (1988) Effect of aflatoxin feeding and its withdrawal effect on the growth rate of broilers and layers under long term feeding trials. Indian Veterinary Journal 65 113–116.Google Scholar
Randall, GM & Bird, FH (1979) The effect of exercise on the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in chickens. Poultry Science 58 1284–1288.Google Scholar
Reddy, AR, Reddy, VR, Rao, PV & Yadagiri, B (1982) Effect of experimentally induced aflatoxicosis on the performance of commercial broiler chicks. Indian Journal of Animal Science 52 405–410.Google Scholar
Rotter, BA, Prelusky, DB, Fortin, A, Miller, JD & Savard, ME (1997) Impact of pure fumonisin B1 on various metabolic parameters and carcass quality of growing–finishing swine – preliminary findings. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77 465–470.Google Scholar
Rotter, BA, Prelusky, DB & Pestka, JJ (1996 a) Toxicology of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin). Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 48 1–34.Google Scholar
Rotter, BA, Thompson, BK, Lessard, M, Trenholm, HL & Tryphonas, H (1994) Influence of low-level exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins on selected immunological and hematological parameters in young swine. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 23 117–124.Google Scholar
Rotter, BA, Thompson, BK, Prelusky, DB, Trenholm, HL, Stewart, B, Miller, JD & Savard, ME (1996 b) Response of growing swine to dietary exposure to pure fumonisin B1 during an eight–week period: Growth and clinical parameters. Natural Toxins 4 42–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sawhney, DS, Vadehra, DV & Baker, RC (1973) The metabolism of 14C aflatoxins in laying hens. Poultry Science 52 1302–1309.Google Scholar
Scott, PM (1991) Possibility of reduction or elimination of mycotoxins present in cereal grains. In Cereal Grain Mycotoxin, Fungi and Quality in Drying andStorage, pp.529–572 [Chelkowski, J editor]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Shukla, SK & Pachauri, SP (1985) Effect of aflatoxicosis on growth and development in cockerels. Indian Veterinary Journal 62 341–342.Google Scholar
Sodhi, S, Brar, APS & Grewal, GS (1996) Biochemical studies on combined immunomodulatory effects of aflatoxin and malathion in broiler chicks. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 31 88–91.Google Scholar
Southern, LL & Clawson, AJ (1979) Effects of aflatoxins on finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science 49 1006–1011.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trenholm, HL, Foster, BC, Charmley, LL, Thompson, BK, Hartin, KE, Coppock, RW & Albassam, MA (1994) Effects of feeding diets containing Fusarium (naturally) contaminated wheat or pure deoxynivalenol (DON) in growing pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 74 361–369.Google Scholar
United States Department of Agriculture (1996) Mycotoxin levels in the 1996 midwest preharvest corn crop. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services Information Sheet no.N222·1296, December 1996.Google Scholar
Vudathala, DK, Prelusky, DB, Ayroud, M, Trenholm, HL & Miller, JD (1994) Pharmacokinetic fate and pathological effects of 14C-fumonisin B1 in laying hens. Natural Toxins 2 81–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weibking, TS, Ledoux, DR, Bermudez, AJ, Turk, JR & Rottinghaus, GE (1993) Effects of feeding Fusarium moniliforme culture material, containing known levels of fumonisin B1, on the young broiler chick. Poultry Science 72 456–466.Google Scholar
Whittemore, CT & Fawcett, RH (1976) Theoretical aspects of a flexible model to simulate protein and lipid growth in pigs. Animal Production 22 87–96.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1998) Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Aflatoxins. WHO Food Additives Series PG, pp.361–468.Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.Google Scholar
Wu, W, Li, G & Liu, T (1995) The effect of fumonisin B1 on isolated chondrocytes and on bone formation. Poultry Science 74 1431–1436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, LG, McGirr, L, Valli, VE, Lumsden, JH & Lun, A (1983) Vomitoxin in corn fed to young pigs. Journal of Animal Science 57 655–664.Google Scholar
Zomborszkyne-Kovacs, M, Vetesi, F, Kovacs, F, Bata, A, Repa, I & Horn, P (2000) A fusarium moniliforme fumonizin–B1 toxinjanak toleralhato hatarertekere es perinatalis toxikozist eloidezo hatasara vonatkozo vizsgalatok sertesben (Investigations on the tolerable limit values and the perinatal toxic effect of mycotoxins produced by fusarium moniliforme). Mayar-Allatorvosok-Lapja 122 168–175.Google Scholar