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Perspectives on the role of the human gut microbiota and its modulation by pro- and prebiotics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2007

Toni Steer ,
Hollie Carpenter ,
Kieran Tuohy  and
Glenn R. Gibson
Toni Steer*
Affiliation:
Food Microbial Sciences Unit, School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
Hollie Carpenter
Affiliation:
Food Microbial Sciences Unit, School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
Kieran Tuohy
Affiliation:
Food Microbial Sciences Unit, School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
Glenn R. Gibson
Affiliation:
Food Microbial Sciences Unit, School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Toni E. Steer, fax +44 (0) 118 9357222, email t.e.steer@reading.ac.uk
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Abstract

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One of the most topical areas of human nutrition is the role of the gut in health and disease. Specifically, this involves interactions between the resident microbiota and dietary ingredients that support their activities. Currently, it is accepted that the gut microflora contains pathogenic, benign and beneficial components. Some microbially induced disease states such as acute gastroenteritis and pseudomembranous colitis have a defined aetiological agent(s). Speculation on the role of microbiota components in disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, bowel cancer, neonatal necrotising enterocolitis and ulcerative colitis are less well defined, but many studies are convincing. It is evident that the gut microflora composition can be altered through diet. Because of their perceived health-promoting status, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are the commonest targets. Probiotics involve the use of live micro-organisms in food; prebiotics are carbohydrates selectively metabolized by desirable moieties of the indigenous flora; synbiotics combine the two approaches. Dietary intervention of the human gut microbiota is feasible and has been proven as efficacious in volunteer trials. The health bonuses of such approaches offer the potential to manage many gut disorders prophylactically. However, it is imperative that the best methodologies available are applied to this area of nutritional sciences. This will undoubtedly involve a genomic application to the research and is already under way through molecular tracking of microbiota changes to diet in controlled human trials.

Keywords

GutMicrobiotaHealthDisease
Type
Research Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , Volume 13 , Issue 2 , December 2000 , pp. 229 - 254
Copyright
Copyright © CABI Publishing 2000

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