Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:59:28.209Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A Temporal Framework for Electroacoustic Music Exploration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2020

Kevin Dahan*
Affiliation:
Music, Technology and Innovation – Institute for Sonic Creativity (MTI2), De Montfort University, Leicester

Abstract

Many aural analytical methods have been produced for electroacoustic music that focus on the identification of salient morphological features of the sounds. Doing so, they usually overlook the importance of time – a central aspect of music – sometimes by considering it as a simple compositional parameter. However, this article proposes a novel theoretical framework for electroacoustic music understanding by putting time and its cognitive representations during perception at the forefront. Two concepts are introduced to propose this alternative approach to electroacoustic music description: temporal directionality, which focuses on the sounds themselves, and temporal distancing, which focuses on the relations between sounds. Throughout this article, several musical examples are given to briefly exemplify how such concepts can be used in an explanatory context. Finally, polychrony is introduced, which aims to describe how electroacoustic composers play with the various cases of temporal directionality and distancing, and, in the process, actually weave time itself.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press, 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Arom, S. 1985. Polyphonies et polyrythmies instrumentales dAfrique centrale. Structure et méthodologie. Paris: SELAF.Google Scholar
Atkinson, S. 2007. Interpretation and musical signification in acousmatic listening. Organised Sound 12(2): 113–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergson, H. 1922 [2007]. Durée et Simultanéité. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Blackburn, M. 2011. The Visual Sound-Shapes of Spectromorphology: An Illustrative Guide to Composition. Organised Sound 16(1): 513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boulez, P. 1968. Penser La Musique Aujourdhui. Paris: Gonthier.Google Scholar
Clayton, M. 1996. Free Rhythm: Ethnomusicology and the Study of Music without Metre. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 59(2): 323332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, M. 2008. Time in Indian Music: Rhythm, Metre and Form in North Indian Ra¯g Performance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahan, K. 2007. Surface Tensions: Dynamics of Stria. Computer Music Journal 31(3): 6574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahan, K. 2009. Emergence, Enaction et Propagation Des Dimensions Temporelles Dans Les Processus Compositionnels. In Mathon, G. (ed.) Filigrane 10: Sur le rythme. Paris: Delatour.Google Scholar
Delalande, F. 1996. Les Unités Sémiotiques Temporelles : Problématique et Essai de Définition. In Marseille, L. M. (ed.) Les Unités Sémiotiques Temporelles: Elements nouveaux d’analyse musicale. Marseille: ESKA, 1625.Google Scholar
Emmerson, S. (ed.) 1986. The Language of Electroacoustic Music. London: MacMillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, J., Agrawal, K. K., Chen, S., Gulrajani, I., Donahue, C. and Roberts, A. 2019. GANSYNTH: Adversarial Neural Audio Synthesis. Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.08710.pdf Google Scholar
Forte, A. 1973. The Structure of Atonal Music. New York: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Huron, D. 1996. Sweet Anticipation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kayser, C. 2019. Evidence for the Rhythmic Perceptual Sampling of Auditory Scenes. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramer, J. D. 1978. Moment Form in Twentieth Century Music. The Musical Quarterly 64(2): 177–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramer, J. D. 1988. The Time of Music. New York: Schirmer Books.Google Scholar
Kramer, J. D. (ed.) 1993. Contemporary Music Review (Issue: Time in Contemporary Musical Thought) 7(2). www.tandfonline.com/toc/gcmr20/7/2?nav=tocList Google Scholar
Landy, L. 1994. The ‘Something to Hold on to Factor’ in Timbral Composition. Contemporary Music Review 10(2): 4960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langer, S. K. 1942. Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the Symbolism of Reason, Rite and Art. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lerdahl, F. and Jackendoff, R. 1983. A Generative Theory of Tonal Music. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Leroi-Gourhan, A. 1966. Le geste et la parole, tome 2: la mémoire et les rythmes. Paris: Albin-Michel (trans. A. Bostock-Berger. 1993. Gesture and Speech. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).Google Scholar
Margulis, E. H. 2014. On Repeat: How Music Plays the Mind. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McTaggart, J. E. 1908. The Unreality of Time. Mind 17(68): 457–74.Google Scholar
McTaggart, J. E. 1927. The Nature of Existence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Meyer, L. 1967. Music, the Arts, and Ideas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ockelford, A. and Sergeant, D. 2013. Musical Expectancy in Atonal Contexts: Musicians Perception of ‘Antistructure’. Psychology of Music 41(2): 139–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patel, A. 2008. Beat-based Rhythm Processing as a Key Research Area. In Patel, A. (ed.) Music, Language and the Brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 402–15.Google Scholar
Risset, J.-C. 1996. Problèmes d’analyse: quelques clés pour mes premières pièces numériques, Little Boy et Mutations. Analyse en musique électroacoustique. Bourges: IMEB.Google Scholar
Roads, C. 2015. Composing Electronic Music: A New Aesthetic. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaeffer, P. 1966. Traité Des Objets Musicaux. Paris: Seuil.Google Scholar
Schenker, H. 1935. Der freie Satz. Vienna: Universal Edition (trans and ed. E. Oster. 2001. Free Composition. New York: Pendragon Press).Google Scholar
Smalley, D. 1997. Spectromorphology: Explaining Sound-Shapes. Organised Sound 2(2): 107–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stiegler, B. 2018. La technique et le temps. Paris: Fayard (compiled version of 1. la faute d’Epiméthée; 2. la désorientation; 3. le temps du cinéma et la question du mal-être).Google Scholar
Stockhausen, K. 1963. Momentform: Neue Beziehungen zwischen Auffürungsdauer, Werkdauer und Moment. In Texte zur Musik, vol. 1. Cologne: DuMont Schauberg, 189–210.Google Scholar
Tymoczko, D. 2011. A Geometry of Music: Harmony and Counterpoint in the Extended Common Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Vaggione, H. 2001. Some Ontological Remarks about Music Composition Processes. Computer Music Journal 25(1): 5464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xenakis, I. 1963. Musiques Formelles, Vol. 253–254. Paris: Revue Musicale.Google Scholar
Xenakis, I. 1997, Kéleütha – Écrits. Paris: Larche.Google Scholar

DISCOGRAPHY

33EMYBW. 2019. Arthropods. Shanghai: SVBKVLT, SBKT031.Google Scholar
Autechre. 2003. Theme of a sudden roundabout. Draft 7.30. London: Warp, WARPCD111.Google Scholar
Bayle, F. 1967. Espaces Inhabitables. Paris: Magison, MGCB1400 (2000).Google Scholar
Cascone, K. 2003. The Bourbaki Conjecture. blackCube(). Anechoic, a0006.Google Scholar
Chowning, J. 2010. Stria (1977; rev. Chowning/Dahan 2010). Reconstructed version.Google Scholar
Dashow, J. 1987. Sequence Symbols (1984). On New Computer Music. Berlin: Wergo, WER2010-50.Google Scholar
Ikeda, R. 2005. Dataplex. Chemnitz: Raster-Noton, R-N068.Google Scholar
Loy, G. 1990. Nekyia (1980). On Computer Music Currents 5. Berlin: Wergo, WER2025-2.Google Scholar
McNabb, M. 1993. Dreamsong (1978). On Michael McNabb – Dreamsong/Love in the Asylum/Mars Suite. Berlin: Wergo, WER2020-2.Google Scholar
Parmegiani, B. 2009. De Natura Sonorum (1975). Recollection GRM. Vienna: Mego, REGRM009.Google Scholar
Risset, J.-C. 1987. Mutations (1968). On Risset – Sud/Dialogues/Inharmonique/Mutations. Paris: INA-GRM, INA C1003.Google Scholar
Schottstaedt, W. 1988. Dinosaur Music. On Dinosaur Music: Computer Music by Chafe, Jaffe, Schottstaedt. Berlin: Wergo, WER2016-50.Google Scholar
Stollery, P. 2006. Onset/Offset (1996). On Un son peut en cacher un autre. Montreal: empreintes DIGITALes, IMED-0678.Google Scholar
Ussachevsky, V. 1999. Linear Contrasts (1958). On Vladimir Ussachevsky – Electronic and Acoustic Works 1957–1972. New York: Composers Recordings Inc., CRI CD 813.Google Scholar
Vaggione, H. 2004. Harrison Variations. On Jonty Harrison, Horacio Vaggione, Trevor Wishart – ETC. New York: Electronic Music Foundation, EMF CD053.Google Scholar
Wishart, T. 2014. Globalalia. On Trevor Wishart – Globalalia/Imago. York: Orpheus the Pantomime, OTP0066.Google Scholar