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Photosymbiosis in planktonic foraminifera across the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2021

Jack O. Shaw Open the ORCID record for Jack O. Shaw [Opens in a new window] ,
Simon D'haenens ,
Ellen Thomas ,
Richard D. Norris ,
Johnnie A. Lyman ,
André Bornemann Open the ORCID record for André Bornemann [Opens in a new window]  and
Pincelli M. Hull
Jack O. Shaw*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 21 Sachem Street, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06511, U.S.A. E-mail: jack.shaw@yale.edu, pincelli.hull@yale.edu
Simon D'haenens
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 21 Sachem Street, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06511, U.S.A. E-mail: jack.shaw@yale.edu, pincelli.hull@yale.edu
Ellen Thomas
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 21 Sachem Street, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06511, U.S.A. E-mail: jack.shaw@yale.edu, pincelli.hull@yale.edu
Richard D. Norris
Affiliation:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California92093, U.S.A. E-mail: rnorris@ucsd.edu
Johnnie A. Lyman
Affiliation:
High Tech High North County, 1420 West San Marcos Boulevard, San Marcos, California92078, U.S.A. E-mail: johnnielyman@gmail.com
André Bornemann
Affiliation:
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, 30655Hannover, Germany. E-mail: andre.bornemann@bgr.de
Pincelli M. Hull
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 21 Sachem Street, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06511, U.S.A. E-mail: jack.shaw@yale.edu, pincelli.hull@yale.edu
*
*Corresponding author.
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Abstract

Under stress, corals and foraminifera may eject or consume their algal symbionts (“bleach”), which can increase mortality. How bleaching relates to species viability over warming events is of great interest given current global warming. We use size-specific isotope analyses and abundance counts to examine photosymbiosis and population dynamics of planktonic foraminifera across the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM, ~56 Ma), the most severe Cenozoic global warming event. We find variable responses of photosymbiotic associations across localities and species. In the NE Atlantic (DSDP Site 401) PETM, photosymbiotic clades (acarininids and morozovellids) exhibit collapsed size-δ13C gradients indicative of reduced photosymbiosis, as also observed in Central Pacific (ODP Site 1209) and Southern Ocean (ODP Site 690) acarininids. In contrast, we find no significant loss of size-δ13C gradients on the New Jersey shelf (Millville) or in Central Pacific morozovellids. Unlike modern bleaching-induced mass mortality, populations of photosymbiont-bearing planktonic foraminifera increased in relative abundance during the PETM. Multigenerational adaptive responses, including flexibility in photosymbiont associations and excursion taxon evolution, may have allowed some photosymbiotic foraminifera to thrive. We conclude that deconvolving the effects of biology on isotope composition on a site-by-site basis is vital for environmental reconstructions.

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Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 47 , Issue 4 , November 2021 , pp. 632 - 647
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

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Footnotes

†

Present address: Research Coordination Office and Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. E-mail: simon.dhaenens@scarlet.be.

‡

Also at: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, U.S.A. E-mail: ellen.thomas@yale.edu

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