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Sexual shape dimorphism and selection pressure on males in fossil ostracodes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2017

Tatsuhiko Yamaguchi ,
Rie Honda ,
Hiroki Matsui  and
Hiroshi Nishi
Tatsuhiko Yamaguchi
Affiliation:
Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Monobe B200, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan. E-mail: tyamaguchi@kochi-u.ac.jp
Rie Honda
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
Hiroki Matsui
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
Hiroshi Nishi
Affiliation:
Tohoku University Museum, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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Abstract

Sexual dimorphism is thought to have evolved via selection on both sexes. Ostracodes display sexual shape dimorphism in adult valves; however, no previous studies have addressed temporal changes on evolutionary timescales or examined the relationships between sexual shape dimorphism and selection pressure and between sexual shape dimorphism and juvenile shape. Temporal changes in sexually dimorphic traits result from responses of these traits to selection pressure. Using the Gaussian mixture model for the height/length ratio, a valve-shape parameter, we identified sexual differences in the valve shape of Krithe dolichodeira s.l. from deep-sea sediments of the Paleocene (62.6–57.6 Ma) and estimated the proportion of females in the fossil populations at 11 time intervals. Because the proportion of females in a population is altered by the mortality rate of adult males, it is reflective of selection pressure on males. We attempted to correlate the height/length ratios between the sexes with the proportion of females, taking into consideration that the valve shape was not linked with the selection pressure on males. In time-series data of the height/length ratio, both sexes indicate no significant changes on evolutionary timescales, even though the sex ratio of the population changed from female skewed to male skewed during the late Paleocene. The sexual shape dimorphism was not driven by sexual selection. The static allometry between the height/length ratio and length indicates that the sexual shape dimorphism did not function for sexual display. The absence of change over time in the female allometric slope suggests that the evolution of valve shape was constrained by stasis.

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Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 43 , Issue 3 , August 2017 , pp. 407 - 424
Copyright
Copyright © 2017 The Paleontological Society. All rights reserved 

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References

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