Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-685pp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-04T05:27:39.911Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The neolithic site of San Marco, Gubbio (Perugia), Umbria: survey and excavation 1985–7

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2013

Caroline Malone  and
Simon Stoddart
Get access

Ricognizione e scavo del sito neolitico di san marco, gubbio (perugia), umbria, 1985–7

La ricognizione e lo scavo dell'insediamento di San Marco rappresenta uno dei pochi esempi di studio interdisciplinare compiuti nell'Italia centrale e riguardante un sito neolitico. Sono stati studiati in maniera approfondita i vari aspetti geologici ed ambientali del sito, collocato su un conoide alluvionale. Sono state inoltre ottenute date al 14C, eseguite con l'AMS direttamente su materiali organici associati con la sussistenza umana, che hanno permesso di attribuire il sito ad una prima fase dell'età neolitica (fine del sesto-inizio del quinto millennio a.C, date calibrate). L'industria litica mostra una chiara continuità con la precedente tecnologia epipaleolitica, mentre le ceramiche rinvenute possono essere attribuite alle correnti stilistiche della Ceramica Impressa e a quella di Sasso-Fiorano. Le analisi dei prodotti di sussistenza (fauna e resti botanici) rivelano un'economia basata principalmente sull'agricoltura, integrata a sua volta con prodotti ottenuti tramite attività di caccia e raccolta.

Type
Articles
Information
Papers of the British School at Rome , Volume 60 , November 1992 , pp. 1 - 69
Copyright
Copyright © British School at Rome 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AEA Newsletter (1988) Association for Environmental Archaeology Newsletter No. 19 Jan 1988, edited by Levitan, B. and Straker, V..Google Scholar
Agostini, S. (1986–1987) Osservazioni petrografiche sulle ceramiche di Tricalle (Chieti). Rassegna d'Archeologia 6: 123–5.Google Scholar
Allegrucci, F., Biondi, E., Fulton, R., Housley, R., Hunt, C. and Stoddart, S. (in press) Vegetation, land use and climate. In Malone, C. and Stoddart, S. (eds) Territory, Time and State: the Archaeology of the Gubbio Basin. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ambrosetti, P., Carboni, M. G., Costantini, A., Esu, D., Gandin, A., Girotti, O., Lazzarotti, A., Mazzanti, R., Nicosia, U., Parisi, G. and Sandarelli, F. (1978) Evoluzione paleogeografica e tettonica dei bacini tosco–laziale–abruzzesi nel Pliocene e nel Pleistocene Inferiore. Memorie della Società Geologica d'Italia 19: 573–80.Google Scholar
Ammerman, A. J. (1985) The Acconia Survey: Neolithic Settlement and the Obsidian Trade. London,Institute of Archaeology (Occasional Papers 10).Google Scholar
Badham, K. and Jones, G. (1985) An experiment in manual processing of soil samples for plant remains. Circaea 3(1): 15–26.Google Scholar
Balista, C. and Leonardi, G. (1985) Hill-slope occupation: pre and protohistoric occupation in the Veneto. In Malone, C. and Stoddart, S. (eds) Papers in Italian Archaeology IV. Vol. i The Human Landscape: 135–52. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 243.Google Scholar
Bally, A. W., Burbi, L., Cooper, C. and Ghelardoni, R. (1986) Balanced sections and seismic reflection profiles across the central Apennines. Memorie della Società Geologica d'Italia 35: 257–310.Google Scholar
Barfield, L. H. and Broglio, A. (1971) Osservazioni sulle culture neolitiche del Veneto del Trentino nel quadro del neolitico padano. Origini 5: 21–45.Google Scholar
Barker, G. (1981) Landscape and Society: Prehistoric Central Italy. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Barker, G. (1985) Prehistoric Farming in Europe. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Barker, G., Biagi, P., Castelletti, L., Cremaschi, M. and Nisbet, R. (1987) Sussistenza, economia ed ambiente nel neolitico dell'Italia settentrionale. In Il Neolitico in Italia. Atti del XXVI Riunione Scientifica dell'Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria: 103–18. Florence, Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria.Google Scholar
Batovic, S. (1987) La néolithisation en Adriatique. In Premières communautés paysannes en Méditerranée occidentale: 343–9. Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.Google Scholar
Bell, M. (1982) The effects of landuse and climate on valley sedimentation. In Harding, A. (ed.) Climatic Change in Later Prehistory: 127–42. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Biondi, E., Allegrezza, M. and Taffetani, F. (1990) Carta della vegetazione del Bacino di Gubbio. Webbia 44(2): 197–216.Google Scholar
Boccaletti, M., Calamita, F., Centamore, E., Deiana, G. and Dramis, F. (1983) The Umbria–Marche Apennines: an example of thrust and wrenching tectonics in a model of ensialic Neogenic-Quaternary deformation. Bollettino della Società Geologica d'Italia 102(4): 581–92.Google Scholar
Bull, G. and Payne, S. (1982) Tooth eruption and epiphysial fusion in pigs and wild boar. In Wilson, B., Grigson, C. and Payne, S. (eds) Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites: 55–71. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, British Series 109.Google Scholar
Bullock, D. and Rackham, J. (1982) Epiphysial fusion and tooth eruption of feral goats in Moffatdale, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. In Wilson, B., Grigson, C. and Payne, S. (eds) Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites: 73–80. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, British Series 109.Google Scholar
Calderoni, G., Coltorti, M., Consoli, M., Farabollini, P., Dramis, F., Pambianchi, G. and Percossi, E. (in press) Degradazione dei versanti e sedimentazione nei pressi di Caccamo (Appennino umbri–marchigiano) durante l'Olocene recente. Atti del Convegno sul “Morfogenesi e straligrafia dell'Olocene”, Memorie della Società Geologica d'Italia.Google Scholar
Castelletti, L., Costantini, L. and Tozzi, C. (1987) Considerazioni sull'economia e l'ambiente durante il Neolitico in Italia. In Il Neolitico d'Italia. Atti della XXVI Riunione Scientifica dell'Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria: 37–55. Florence, Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria.Google Scholar
Chiesa, S., Coltorti, M., Cremaschi, M., Ferraris, M., Floris, E. and Prosperi, L. (1988) Loess sedimentation and quaternary deposits in the Marche province. In Cremaschi, M. (ed.) Loess in Northern and Central Italy; a Loess Basin between the Alps and the Mediterranean Region. Quaderni della Geodinamica Alpina e Quaternaria: 103–30. Milan.Google Scholar
Cippolloni Sampò, M. (1977–1982) Scavi nel villaggio neolitico di Rendina (1970–76). Origini 11: 183–354.Google Scholar
Coltorti, M. (1981) Lo stato attuale delle conscenze sul Pleistocene ed il Paleolitico Inferiore e Medio. 1 Convegno Beni Ambienti e Culturali delle Marche. Numana, 8–10, maggio, 1981: 63–122. Paleane Editrice.Google Scholar
Coltorti, M. (in press a) Modificazioni morfologiche oloceniche nelle piane alluvionali e loro implicazioni per l'evoluzione del paessaggio marchigiano: alcuni esempi nei fiumi Misa, Cesano e Musone. Geografica Fisica Dinamica del Quaternario.Google Scholar
Coltorti, M. (in press b) The Pleistocene basin of Gubbio (central Italy): geomorphology, genesis and evolution. In Malone, C. and Stoddart, S. (eds) Territory, Time and State: the Archaeology of the Gubbio Basin. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Coltorti, M. and Dal Ri, L. (1985) The human impact on the landscape: some examples from the Adige valley. In Malone, C. and Stoddart, S. (eds) Papers in Italian Archaeology IV. Vol. i. The Human Landscape: 105–34. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 243.Google Scholar
Coltorti, M. and Dramis, F. (1988) The significance of stratified slope waste deposits in the Quaternary of the Umbria-Marche Apennines, Central Italy. 2 Geomorph., N.F. Suppl. 71: 59–70.Google Scholar
Costantini, L. (1981) Semi e carboni mesolitico e neolitico della Grotta dell'Uzzo, Trapani. Quaternaria 23: 233–47.Google Scholar
Costantini, L. and Coppola, D. (1987) Le néolithique ancien littoral et la diffusion des cereales dans les Pouilles durant le VI millénaire: les sites de Fontanelle, Torre Canne et la Macchie. In Premières communautés paysannes en Méditerranée occidentale: 249–55. Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.Google Scholar
Costantini, L. and Costantini-Biasini, L. (1986) Indagini paletnobotaniche nel sito di Scamuso, Bari. Rivista di Antropologia 64: 1038–8.Google Scholar
Costantini, L. and Tozzi, C. (1983) Les piantes cultivées et la conservation des grains pendant le néolithique des Abruzzes: le témoignage du village de Catignano (Pescara). In Sociétés agricoles et techniques agraires. Actes du Colloque de Nice, 26–29 novembre 1981 (Résumé des communications): 190–4.Google Scholar
Costantini, L. and Tozzi, C. (1987) Un gisement à céramique imprimée dans le subapennin de la Daunia (Lucera, Foggia): le village de Ripa Tetta. Economie et culture materielle. In Premières communautés paysannes en Méditerranée occidentale: 387–94. Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.Google Scholar
D'Amato Avanzi, G. (1953) Il grano della popolazione con civiltà tipo Lagozza della grotta di Agnano (Pisa). L'Agricoltura Italiana 53: 1–9.Google Scholar
De Boer, W. R. and Lathrap, D. W. (1979) The making and breaking of Shipobo-Conibo ceramics. In Kramer, C. (ed.) Ethnoarchaeology: Implication of Ethnography for Archaeology: 102–38. New York, Colombia University Press.Google Scholar
De Feyter, A. J. and Menichetti, M. (1986) Backthrusting forelimbs of rootless anticline with examples from the Umbro–Marchean Apennines, Italy. Memorie della Società Geologica d'Italia 33: 357–70.Google Scholar
Delano Smith, C. (1979) Western Mediterranean Europe. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Demangeot, J. (1965) Géomorphologies des Abruzzes adriatiques. Mémoires et Documentations du Centre National de la Récherche Scientifique.Google Scholar
Dennell, R. (1972) The interpretation of plant remains. In Higgs, E. S. (ed.) Papers in Economic Prehistory: 149–60. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dennell, R. (1985) The hunter-gatherer agricultural frontier in prehistoric temperate Europe. In Green, S. G. and Perlman, S. M. (eds) The Archaeology of Frontiers and Boundaries: 113–139. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Evett, D. and Renfrew, J. (1971) L'agricoltura neolitica italiana: una nota sui cereali. Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche 26: 403–9.Google Scholar
Finke, P. and Sewuster, R. J. E. (1988) A Soil Survey and Land Evaluation in a Bronze Age Context for the Central Gubbio Basin, Italy. Amsterdam, Laboratory for Physical Geography and Soil Science.Google Scholar
Flannery, K. V. (1976) Empirical determination of site catchments in Oaxaca and Tehuacan. In Flannery, K. V. (ed.) The Early Mesoamerican Village: 103–17. New York, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Follieri, M. (1982) Resti di piante alimentari: cereali e leguminose. In Tinè, S. (ed.) Passo di Corvo e la civiltà neolitica del Tavoliere: 158–60. Genova, Sagep.Google Scholar
GEMINA (1963) Ligniti e torbe dell'Italia continentale. Turin, ILTE Editori.Google Scholar
Goudie, A. (1981) The Human Impact. Man's Role in Environmental Change. Oxford, Black well.Google Scholar
Grant, A. (1982) The use of tooth wear as a guide to the age of domestic ungulates. In Wilson, B., Grigson, C. and Payne, S. (eds) Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites: 91–108. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, British Series 109.Google Scholar
Guerreschi, G. (1970) Grotta Bella di Monticastrilli. Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche 25(2): 421–2.Google Scholar
Havinga, A. J. (1967) Palynology and pollen preservation. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 2: 81–98.Google Scholar
Havinga, A. J. (1984) A 20-year investigation into the differential corrosion susceptibility of pollen and spores in different soil types. Pollen and Spores 26: 541–8.Google Scholar
Hedges, R. E. M., Housley, R. A., Law, I. A. and Bronk, C. R. (1990) Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS System: archaeometry datelist 10. Archaeometry 32(1): 101–8.Google Scholar
Higgs, E. S. and Vita-Finzi, C. (1970) Prehistoric economy in the Mount Carmel area of Palestine: site catchment analysis. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 36: 1–37.Google Scholar
Hillman, G. (1981) Reconstructing crop husbandry practices from charred remains of crops. In Mercer, R. (ed.) Farming Practice in British Prehistory: 123–62. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. and Malone, C. (1981) An intensive survey of the Stilo region, Calabria. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 50: 121–50.Google Scholar
Hopf, M. (1991) South and southwest Europe. In Van Zeist, W., Wasylikowa, W. and Behre, K. (eds) Progress in Old World Palaeoethnobotany: 241–77. Rotterdam, Balkema.Google Scholar
Hunt, C. O. (1987) Comment: the palynology of fluvial overbank sediments, with special reference to alluvium of historic age in the upper Axe Valley, Mendip Hills, England. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 12: 364–7.Google Scholar
Hunt, C. O., Andrews, M. V. and Gilbertson, D. D. (1985) The late Quaternary freshwater dinoflagellate cysts from the British Isles. Journal of Micropalaeontology 4: 101–9.Google Scholar
Hunt, C., Malone, C., Sevink, J. and Stoddart, S. (1990) Environment, soils and early agriculture in Apennine central Italy. World Archaeology 22(1): 34–44.Google Scholar
Jones, G. (1984) Interpretation of archaeological plant remains: ethnographic models from Greece. In Van Zeist, W. and Casparie, W. A. (eds) Plants and Ancient Man: Studies in Palaeoethnobotany: 43–61. Rotterdam, Balkema.Google Scholar
Jones, G. and Legge, A. (1987) The grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in the Neolithic of Britain. Antiquity 61: 452–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kukla, G. J. (1975) Pleistocene land–sea correlations: 1, Europe. Earth Science Review 13: 307–74.Google Scholar
Lewthwaite, J. (1987) Three steps to leaven: applicazione del modello di disponibilità al Neolitico italiano. In Il Neolitico d'Italia. Atti della XXVI Riunione Scientifica dell'Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria: 89–102. Florence, Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria.Google Scholar
Lollini, D. G. (1965) Il Neolitico nelle Marche alla luce delle recenti scoperte. In Atti del VI Congresso Internazionale delle Scienze Preistoriche e Protostoriche, Roma, 1962: 309–15.Google Scholar
Lotti, B. (1926) Descrizione geologica dell'Umbria. Memorie e Descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia 21: 1–320.Google Scholar
Malone, C. (1985) Pots, prestige and ritual in neolithic southern Italy. In Malone, C. and Stoddart, S. (eds) Papers in Italian Archaeology IV. Vol. ii. Prehistory: 118–51. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 244.Google Scholar
Malone, C. and Stoddart, S. (in press) Territory, Time and State: the Archaeology of the Gubbio Basin. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Menichetti, M. and Pialli, G. (1986) Geologia strutturale del Preappennino umbro tra i Monti di Gubbio e la catena del M. Petrano–M. Cucco. Memorie della Società Geologica d'Italia 35: 371–88.Google Scholar
Munsell Color Division (1971) Munsell Color Charts. Maryland (USA), Kollmargen Corporation.Google Scholar
Nilssen, T. (1978) The Pleistocene. Dordrecht, D. Deidel Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Passeri, L. (1970) Ritrovamenti preistorici nei Pozzi della Piana (Umbria). Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche 25(2): 225–51.Google Scholar
Pignatti, S. (1982) Flora d'Italia. Bologna, Agricola.Google Scholar
Radmilli, A. M. (1977) Storia dell'Abruzzo dalle origini all'età del bronzo. Pisa, Giardini.Google Scholar
Radmilli, A. M. (1978) Guida della preistoria Italiana. Florence, Sansoni.Google Scholar
Rausing, G. (1990) Vitis pips in Neolithic Sweden. Antiquity 64: 117–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renfrew, J. (1973) Palaeoethnobotany. London, Methuen.Google Scholar
Reynolds, T. (in press) The evidence of lithics. In Malone, C. and Stoddart, S. (eds) Territory, Time and State: the Archaeology of the Gubbio Basin. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rice, P. M. (1987) Pottery Analysis. A Sourcebook. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Riviera Núnez, D. and Walker, M. J. (1991) Grape remains and direct radiocarbon dating: a disconcerting experience from El Prado, Murcia, Spain. Antiquity 65: 905–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, S. W. (1988) Calibration Algorithm. Unpublished computer program.Google Scholar
Schiemann, E. (1953) Vitis in Neolithicum der Mark Brandenburg. Der Zuchter 23: 318–27.Google Scholar
Schomaker, M. and Van Waveren, E. (1984) A Physiographic Soil Map of the Gubbio Valley. University of Amsterdam, unpublished report.Google Scholar
Scurti, J. (1948) Chiavi analitica per il riconoscimento delle piante infestanti attraverso i semi. Supplement to Annali della Sperimentazione Agraria. n.s. 2(3).Google Scholar
Servizio Geologico d'Italia (1978) Carta Geologica. Gubbio.Google Scholar
Silver, I. (1969) The ageing of domestic animals. In Brothwell, D. and Higgs, E. (eds) Science in Archaeology (second edition): 283–302. London, Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Skeates, R. (1991) Caves, cult and children in neolithic Abruzzo, central Italy. In Garwood, P., Jennings, D., Skeates, R. and Toms, J. (eds) Sacred and Profane: Proceedings of a Conference on Archaeology, Ritual and Religion: 122–34. Oxford, Oxford University Committee for Archaeology, Monograph no. 32.Google Scholar
Skeates, R. and Whitehouse, R. D. (in preparation) Radiocarbon Dating and Italian Prehistory. London, Accordia Research Centre and The British School at Rome.Google Scholar
Stoddart, S. K. F. and Whitehead, N. (1991) Cleaning the iguvine stables: site and off site analysis from a central Mediterranean perspective. In Schofield, A. J. (ed.) Interpreting Artefact Scatters. Contributions to Ploughzone Archaeology: 141–8. Oxford, Oxbow Books, Oxbow Monograph 4.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P. (1986) A computer program for radiocarbon age calibration. Radiocarbon 28: 1022–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stummer, A. (1911) Zur Urgeschichte der Rebe und des Weinbaues. Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft 41: 283–96.Google Scholar
Toniolo, L. (1948) Guida per la determinazione delle sementi d'interesse agrario. Padua, Soc. An. Sementi Sgaravatti.Google Scholar
Vita Finzi, C. (1969) The Mediterranean Valleys. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Zvelebil, M. and Rowley-Conwy, P. (1984) Transition to farming in northern Europe: a hunter gatherer perspective. Norwegian Archaeological Review 17: 104–28.Google Scholar