Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T17:06:45.409Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Water supply for Roman farms in Latium and South Etruria1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2013

Robert Thomas  and
Andrew Wilson
Get access

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Articles
Information
Papers of the British School at Rome , Volume 62 , November 1994 , pp. 139 - 196
Copyright
Copyright © British School at Rome 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Gillian Thomas and Heather Grabbe have made this work easier by their assistance and patience. Technical staff of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Rome yielded many insights into aspects of agriculture and fisheries. The British School in Rome, the American Academy in Rome and the FAO provided access to literature, and discussions with colleagues at those institutions yielded valuable insights. We would like to thank Dora Crouch and John Lloyd for commenting on earlier drafts of this paper; all errors, of course, are our own.

References

Accordi, G., Carbone, F., Civitelli, G., Corda, L., De Rita, D., Esu, D., Funicielli, R., Kotsakis, T., Mariotti, G. and Sposata, A. (1986) Lithofacies Map of Latium, Abbruzzi and Neighboring Areas. Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 1:250,000.Google Scholar
Adam, Jean-P. (1984) La construction romaine: matériaux et techniques. Paris, Picard.Google Scholar
Albert, A., Dragone, F., Fornaseri, da M., Lipparini, T., Manfreddini, M., Scherillo, A., Segre, A. G. and Tilia, A. (1962) Roma. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Carta Geologica d'Italia 150, 1:100,000.Google Scholar
Alberti, A. U., Bergomi, C., Catenacci, V., Centamore, E., Cestari, G., Chiocchini, M., Chiocchini, U., Manganelli, V., Molinari-Paganaelli, V., Panseri-Crescenzi, C., Salvati, L. and Tilia-Ziccari, A. (1975) Anagni. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Carta Geologica d'Italia 389, 1:50,000.Google Scholar
Andreussi, M. (1976) Vicus Matrini. Forma Italiae, Regio VII 4. Firenze, L.S. Olschki, Editore.Google Scholar
Ashby, T. (1902) Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna. Part I. Papers of the British School at Rome 1: 125–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashby, T. (1906 (1905)) Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna. — II. Papers of the British School at Rome 3: 1–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashby, T. (1907) Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna. — III. (The Via Latina).— Section I. Papers of the British School at Rome 4: 1–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashby, T. (1909) La Villa dei Quintilii. Ausonia 4: 44–88.Google Scholar
Ashby, T. (1910) Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna. — III. (The Via Latina).— Section II. Papers of the British School at Rome 5: 213–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashby, T. (1935) The aqueducts of ancient Rome (ed. Richmond, I. A.). Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Baratte, F. (1992) La coupe en argent de Castro Urdiales. In Chevallier, R. (ed.) Caesarodunum 26, Les eaux thermales et les cultes des eaux en Gaule et dans les provinces voisines (Actes du Colloque 25-30 Septembre 1990. Aix-les-Bains): 43–54.Google Scholar
Barker, G. W. W. (1981) Landscape and society. Prehistoric central Italy. Studies in archaeology. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bell, M. (1994) An Imperial Flour Mill on the Janiculum. In L'ltalie méridionale et le ravitaillement en blé de Rome et des centres urbains des débuts de la République jusqu'au Haut Empire. Actes du colloque international de Naples (1991): 73–89. Collection Ecole française de Rome. Naples-Rome, Ecole française de Rome.Google Scholar
Benoit, F. (1940) L'usine de meunerie hydraulique de Barbegal (Arles). Revue archéologique sixième série 15.1: 19–80.Google Scholar
Bird, D. G. (1972) The Roman gold-mines of north-west Spain. Bonner Jahrbücher des Rheinischen Landesmuseums in Bonn und des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande 172: 36–64.Google Scholar
Bloch, M. (1935) Avènement et conquête du moulin à eau. Annales d'histoire économique et sociale 36: 538–63. Trans. Anderson, J. E. in Land and Work in Medieval Europe (Selected Papers by Marcel Bloch), London 1966, 136–68.Google Scholar
Boëthius, A. (1978) Etruscan and early Roman architecture. Harmondsworth, Penguin.Google Scholar
Boni, C, Bono, P. and Capelli, G. (1987) Hydrogeological scheme of central Italy: map and tables. Roma, Centro di Studio per la Geologia dell'Italia Centrale.Google Scholar
Brandizzi Vittucci, P. (1968) Cora. Forma Italiae, Regio I 5. Roma, De Luca, Editore.Google Scholar
Brown, F. E. (1957) Cosa I: History and Topography. Memoirs of the American Academy at Rome 20: 5–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, F. E. (1980) Cosa: the making of a Roman town. Ann Arbor, Michigan, University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Bryant, P., Jauncey, K. and Atach, T. (1980) Backyard Fish Farming. Sherbourne, Dorset, Prism House.Google Scholar
Cambi, F. and Battista Sangineto, A. (1985) Il giardino porticato. In Carandini, A. (ed.) Sette Finestre: una villa schiavistica nell' Etruria Romana. I: La villa nelle sue parti: 111–20. Modena, Edizioni Panini.Google Scholar
Camponeschi, B. and Lombardi, L. (1969) Idrogeologica dell'area vulcanica sabatina. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana 8: 25–55.Google Scholar
Carandini, A. (1985a) Orti e frutteti intorna a Roma. In Bussi, R. and Vandelli, V. (eds) Misurare la terra: centuriazione e coloni nel mondo romano. Città, agricoltura, commercio: materiali da Roma e dal suburbio: 66–74. Modena, Edizioni Pannini.Google Scholar
Carandini, A. (1985b) Sette Finestre: una villa schiavistica nell' Etruria Romana. I: La villa nelle sue parti. Modena, Edizioni Panini.Google Scholar
Chakroff, M. (1976) Freshwater fish pond culture and management. Joint Peace Corps-Vita Publication.Google Scholar
Coarelli, F. (1981) Dintorni di Roma. Guide archeologiche Laterza 7. Roma, Casa Editrice Laterza.Google Scholar
Coarelli, F. and La Regina, A. (1985) Abruzzo Molise. Guide archeologiche Laterza 9. Roma, Casa Editrice Laterza.Google Scholar
Coche, A. G. and Laughlin, T. (1985) Simple methods for aquaculture: soil and freshwater fish culture. FAO Training Series 6. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Coche, A. G. and Laughlin, T. (1988) Simple methods for aquaculture: topography for freshwater fish culture. FAO Training Series 16/1. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Coche, A. G., Van der Wal, H. and Laughlin, T. (1981) Simple methods for aquaculture: water for freshwater fish culture. FAO Training Series 4. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Costa, E. (1914) La condizione giuridicale dei torrenti dell'età Romana. Bollettino dell'Istituto di Diritto romano 27: 72–86 ( = Le acque nel diritto romano, Bologna 1919, 71–90).Google Scholar
Cotton, M. A. (1979) The late Republican villa at Posto, Francolise. London, British School at Rome.Google Scholar
Crouch, D. P. (1993) Water management in ancient Greek cities. Oxford, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curwen, E. C.(1944) The problem of early water mills. Antiquity 18.71, Sept: 130–46.Google Scholar
De Rossi, G. M. (1967) Tellenae. Forma Italiae, Regio I 4. Roma, De Luca Editore.Google Scholar
De Rossi, G. M. (1970) Apiolae. Forma Italiae, Regio I 9. Roma, De Luca Editore.Google Scholar
De Rossi, G. M. (1979) Bovillae. Forma Italiae, Regio I 15. Firenze, L. S. Olschki, Editore.Google Scholar
Devoti, L. (1978) Cisterne del periodo romano nel Tuscolano. Frascati, Associazione Tuscolana ‘Amici di Frascati’.Google Scholar
Evans, H. B. (1993) In Tiburtium Usum: Special arrangements in the Roman water system (Frontinus, Aq. 65). American Journal of Archaeology 97.3: 447–55.Google Scholar
Fahlbusch, H. (1981) Roman long-distance conduits for irrigation and water supply. In Eleventh Congress of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, lectures and reports. Grenoble.Google Scholar
Forbes, R. J. (1993) Studies in Ancient Technology (3rd edition), 3 vols. Leiden, E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Frank, T. (1940) An economic survey of ancient Rome 5: Rome and Italy of the Empire, reprinted 1975. Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Gabba, E. and Pasquinucci, M. (1979) Strutture agrarie e allevamento transumante nell'Italia romana (III-I sec. a.C). Bibliotheca di Studi Antichi 18. Pisa, Giardini.Google Scholar
Greene, K. (1986) The archaeology of the Roman economy. London, Batsford.Google Scholar
Gundel, W. E. (1950) s.v. ‘piscina’. Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft 20.2: 1783 ff.Google Scholar
Hickling, C. F. (1971) Fish culture. London, Faber and Faber.Google Scholar
Hodge, A. T. (1983) Siphons in Roman aqueducts. Papers of the British School at Rome 51: 174–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodge, A. T. (1992) Roman aqueducts and water supply. London, Duckworth.Google Scholar
Huet, M., Timmermans, J. A. and Kahn, H. (1986) Textbook of fish culture. Farnham, Surrey, Fishing Books Ltd.Google Scholar
Jacono, L. (1938) La ruota idraulica di Venafro. L'Ingegnere 12 (15 December): 850–3.Google Scholar
Jashemski, W. F. and Salza Prina Ricotti, E. (1992) Preliminary excavations in the gardens of Hadrian's Villa: the Canopus area and the Piazza d'Oro. American Journal of Archaeology 96.4: 579–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, G. D. B. (1962) Capena and the Ager Capenas. Papers of the British School at Rome 30: 116–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, G. D. B. (1963) Capena and the Ager Capenas: Part II. Papers of the British School at Rome 31: 100–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, G. D. B. (1980) Il Tavoliere romano. L'agricoltura romana attraverso l'aerofotografia e lo scavo. Archeologia Classica 32: 85–100.Google Scholar
Jones, G. D. B., Blakeney, I. J. and MacPherson, E. C. F. (1960) Dolaucothi: the Roman aqueduct. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 19: 71–80.Google Scholar
Jordan, T. D. (1984) A handbook of gravity-flow water systems. London, Intermediate Technology Publications.Google Scholar
Judson, S. and Kahane, A. (1963) Underground drainageways in Southern Etruria and Northern Latium. Papers of the British School at Rome 31: 75–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lachmann, K. (1848) (ed.) Gromatici veteres. Die Schriften der Römischen Feldmesser 1. Berlin, Georg Reimer.Google Scholar
Landels, J. G. (1978) Engineering in the ancient world. London and Toronto, Chatto and Windus, and Clarke, Irvin & Co.Google Scholar
Laurenti, M. C. (1987) Brevi note su alcuni rinvenimenti a Monte Daielli di Alatri. Archeologia Laziale 8: 302–6.Google Scholar
Llewellyn, P. (1971) Rome in the Dark Ages. London, Faber and Faber.Google Scholar
Lugli, J. (1926) Ager Pomptinus-Anxur-Tarracina. Forma Italiae, Regio I 1.1. Danesi, Editore, Roma.Google Scholar
Lugli, J. (1928) Ager Pomptinus-Circeii. Forma Italiae, Regio I 1.2. Danesi, Editore, Roma.Google Scholar
MacDougall, E. B. and Jashemski, W. F. (1981) Ancient Roman gardens: Dumbarton Oaks colloquium on the history of landscape architecture VII. Washington, D.C., Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University.Google Scholar
Mancini, G. (1924). Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità: 55–60.Google Scholar
Mangianti, F. and Sorrenti, F. (1990) Aggiornamento della serie storica delle osservatione al Collegio Romano (1979–1989). Roma, Pubblicazione Interna, Ufficio Centrale de Ecologica Agraria.Google Scholar
Mari, Z. (1983) Tibur, III. Forma Italiae, Regio I 17. Firenze L.S. Olschki, Editore.Google Scholar
Mazzolani, M. (1969) Anagnia. Forma Italiae, Regio I 6. Roma, De Luca, Editore.Google Scholar
McJunkin, F. E. (1982) Water and human health. Washington, D.C., U.S. Agency for International Development.Google Scholar
Meiggs, R. (1973) Roman Ostia (2nd edition). Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Moritz, L. A. (1958) Grain mills and flour in classical antiquity. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Morselli, C. (1980) Sutrium. Forma Italiae, Regio VII 7. Firenze, L.S. Olschki, Editore.Google Scholar
Morselli, C. and Tortorici, E. (1982) Ardea. Forma Italiae, Regio I 16. Firenze, L. S. Olschki, Editore.Google Scholar
Muzzioli, M. P. (1970) Praeneste, II. Forma Italiae, Regio I 8. Roma, De Luca Editore.Google Scholar
Muzzioli, M. P. (1980) Cures Sabini. Forma Italiae, Regio IV 2. Firenze, L. S. Olschki, Editore.Google Scholar
Nappi, G., de Casa, G. and Volponi, E. (1979) Geologia e caratteristiche del ‘tufo giallo della Via Tiburtina’. Bollettino Società Geologica Italiani 98: 431–45.Google Scholar
Netting, R. McC. (1974) The system nobody knows: village irrigation in the Swiss Alps. In Downing, T. E. and Gibson, McG. (eds) Irrigation's impact on society. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona 25: 67–75. Tucson, University of Arizona.Google Scholar
Nilsson, M. P. (1945) Mobiles rivi. Eranos 43: 301–3.Google Scholar
Nissen-Petersen, E. (1982) Rain catchment and water supply in rural Africa: a manual. London, Hodder and Stoughton.Google Scholar
Oleson, J. P. (1984) Greek and Roman mechanical water-lifting devices: the history of a technology. Toronto, University of Toronto Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oleson, J. P. (1987) The Spring House Complex. In McCann, A. M. (ed.) The Roman port and fishery at Cosa: a center of ancient trade: 98–128. Princeton, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Oliver-Smith, P. and Widrig, W. (1980) Excavations on the Via Gabina, Italy. Archaeology 33.3, May-June: 56–8.Google Scholar
Pacey, A. and Cullis, A. (1986) Rainwater harvesting: the collection of rainfall and runoff in rural areas. London, Intermediate Technology Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pala, C. (1976) Nomentum. Forma Italiae, Regio I 12. Roma, De Luca, Editore.Google Scholar
Pallas, P. (1986) Water for animals. AGL/MISC/4/85. Rome, Land and Water Development Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Piccareta, F. (1977) Astura. Forma Italiae, Regio I 13. Firenze, L. S. Olschki, Editore.Google Scholar
Potter, T. W. (1979) The changing landscape of south Etruria. London, Paul Elek Ltd.Google Scholar
Potter, T. W. (1987) Roman Italy. London, British Museum Publications Ltd.Google Scholar
Quilici, L. (1974) Collatia. Forma Italiae, Regio I 10. Roma, De Luca Editore.Google Scholar
Quilici, L. (1982) Latium Vetus, IV: La civita di Artena. Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.Google Scholar
Quilici, L. and Quilici Gigli, S. (1978) Latium Vetus I: Antemnae. Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.Google Scholar
Quilici, L. and Quilici Gigli, S. (1980) Latium Vetus III: Crustumerium. Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.Google Scholar
Quilici, L. and Quilici Gigli, S. (1986) Latium Vetus V: Fidenae. Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.Google Scholar
Quilici Gigli, S. (1987) Su alcuni segni dell'antico paesaggio agrario presso Roma. Archeologia Laziale 8: 152–66.Google Scholar
Quilici Gigli, S. (1989) Paesaggi storici dell' Agro Falisco: I prata di Corchiano. Opuscula Romana 17: 122–35.Google Scholar
Richardson, L. (1976) The evolution of the Porticus Octaviae. American Journal of Archaeology 80.1: 57–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salza Prina Ricotti, E. (1987) The importance of water in Roman garden triclinia. In MacDougall, E. B. (ed.) Ancient Roman villa gardens. Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of Landscape Architecture 10: 135–84. Washington, D.C., Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University.Google Scholar
Santangeli Valenzani, R. (1985) Il giardino turrito. In Carandini, A. (ed.) Sette Finestre: una villa schiavistica nell'Etruria Romana. I: La villa nelle sue parti: 121–28. Modena, Edizioni Panini.Google Scholar
Saunders, R. J. and Warford, J. J. (1976) Village water supply. Economics and Policy in the Developing World. Baltimore and London, The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Schiøler, T. (1973) Roman and Islamic water-lifting wheels. Acta historica scientiarum naturalium et medicinalium 28. Odense, Odense University Press.Google Scholar
Schiøler, T. and Wikander, Ö. (1983) A Roman water-mill in the baths of Caracalla. Opuscula Romana 14: 47–64.Google Scholar
Schulz, R. S. and Austin, T. A. (1976) Estimating stock water use in rural water systems. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers 102: 15–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scobie, A. (1986) Slums, sanitation and mortality in the Roman world. Klio 68.2: 399–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, B. D. (1984) Water and society in the ancient Mahgrib: technology, property and development. Antiquités africaines 20: 121–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, M. (1989) Cropwat, a computer program for IBM-PC or compatibles: manual and disk. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Land and Water Development Division.Google Scholar
Spooner, B. (1974) Irrigation and society: the Iranian Plateau. In Downing, T. E. and Gibson, McG. (eds) Irrigation's impact on society. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona 25: 43–57. Tucson, University of Arizona.Google Scholar
Spurr, M. S. (1983) The cultivation of millet in Roman Italy. Papers of the British School at Rome 51: 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spurr, M. S. (1986) Arable cultivation in Roman Italy. Journal of Roman Studies Monograph 3. London, Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M. and Braziunas, T. F. (1989) Atmospheric 14c and century-scale solar oscillations. Nature 338: 405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, R. G. (1993) Rome rainfall and sunspot numbers. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 55.2: 155–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomei, M. A. (1985) Il suburbio di Roma: Tibur e il territorio tiburtino. In Bussi, R. and Vandelli, V. (eds) Misurare la terra: centuriazione e coloni nel mondo romano. Città, agricoltura, commercio: materiali da Roma e dal suburbio: 107–9. Modena, Edizioni Pannini.Google Scholar
Tortorici, E. (1974) Castra Albana. Forma Italiae, Regio I 11. Roma, De Luca, Editore.Google Scholar
Trevison, V. (1980) Meteorologica romana: La serie storica delle osservatione al Collegio Romano (1782–1978). AQ/5/58. Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.Google Scholar
Van Wontgerheim, F. (1984) Superaequum, Corfinium, Sulmo. Forma Italiae, Regio IV 1. Firenze, L.S. Olschki Editore.Google Scholar
Veggiani, A. (1986) L'ottimo climatico medievale in Europa. Testimonianze lungo la fascia costeria Padano-Adriatico. Studi Romagnoli 37: 3–26.Google Scholar
Ward-Perkins, J. B. (1961) Veii, the historical topography of an ancient city. Papers of the British School at Rome 29.Google Scholar
Ward-Perkins, J. B. (1981) Roman Imperial Architecture (2nd edition). Harmondsworth, Penguin.Google Scholar
White, K. D. (1970) Roman farming. New York and London, Cornell University Press and Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
White, K. D. (1975) Farm equipment of the Roman world. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
White, L. T. (1962) Medieval technology and social change. Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Widrig, W. (1984) Land use at the Via Gabina villas. In MacDougall, E. B. (ed.) Ancient Roman villa gardens. Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of Landscape Architecture 10: 222–60. Washington, D.C., Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University.Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö. (1979) Water-Mills in ancient Rome. Opuscula Romana 12: 13–36.Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö. (1980) Vattenmöllor och möllare i det romerska riket. Lund.Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö. (1981) The use of water-power in classical antiquity. Opuscula Romana 13: 91–104.Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö. (1984) Exploitation of water-power or technological stagnation? A reappraisal of the productive forces in the Roman Empire. Studier utgivna av Kungl. Humanistiska Vetenskapsamfundet i Lund, 1983–1984 3. Lund, C. K. W. Glerup.Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö. (1985) Archaeological evidence for early water-mills — an interim report. History of Technology 10: 151–79.Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö. (1988) Mill-stones from ancient water-mills. Unpublished paper, colloquium on ‘Recent work on prehistoric and early historic rotary querns’, Southampton, March 1988.Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö. (1992) Water-mills in Europe: their early frequence and diffusion. In Medieval Europe 3, Technology and innovation: 9–14.Google Scholar