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Characterization and application of multiple genetic markers for Plasmodium malariae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2006

M. C. BRUCE ,
A. MACHESO ,
M. R. GALINSKI  and
J. W. BARNWELL
M. C. BRUCE*
Affiliation:
Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow University, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
A. MACHESO
Affiliation:
Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Malawi, currently at Management Sciences for Health Malawi Program, Lilongwe
M. R. GALINSKI
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 938 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
J. W. BARNWELL
Affiliation:
Malaria Laboratory Research and Development Unit, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4077 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow University, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK. Tel: +0141 330 2829. Fax: +0141 330 4600. E-mail: m.bruce@bio.gla.ac.uk
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Summary

Plasmodium malariae, a protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans, has a global distribution in tropical and subtropical regions and is commonly found in sympatry with other Plasmodium species of humans. Little is known about the genetics or population structure of P. malariae. In the present study, we describe polymorphic genetic markers for P. malariae and present the first molecular epidemiological data for this parasite. Six microsatellite or minisatellite markers were validated using 76 P. malariae samples from a diverse geographical range. The repeat unit length varied from 2 to17 bp, and up to 10 different alleles per locus were detected. Multiple genotypes of P. malariae were detected in 33 of 70 samples from humans with naturally acquired infection. Heterozygosity was calculated to be between 0·236 and 0·811. Allelic diversity was reduced for samples from South America and, at some loci, in samples from Thailand compared with those from Malawi. The number of unique multilocus genotypes defined using the 6 markers was significantly greater in Malawi than in Thailand, even when data from single genotype infections were used. There was a significant reduction in the multiplicity of infection in symptomatic infections compared with asymptomatic ones, suggesting that clinical episodes are usually caused by the expansion of a single genotype.

Keywords

Plasmodium malariaemalariagenetic markersmicrosatellitesminisatellitespopulation genetics
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 134 , Issue 5 , May 2006 , pp. 637 - 650
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

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