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Cytological, molecular and life cycle characterization of Anostracospora rigaudi n. g., n. sp. and Enterocytospora artemiae n. g., n. sp., two new microsporidian parasites infecting gut tissues of the brine shrimp Artemia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 June 2013

NICOLAS OLIVIER RODE ,
JULIE LANDES ,
EVA J. P. LIEVENS ,
ELODIE FLAVEN ,
ADELINE SEGARD ,
ROULA JABBOUR-ZAHAB ,
YANNIS MICHALAKIS ,
PHILIP AGNEW ,
CHRISTIAN P. VIVARÈS  and
THOMAS LENORMAND
NICOLAS OLIVIER RODE*
Affiliation:
CEFE – UMR 5175, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
JULIE LANDES
Affiliation:
CEFE – UMR 5175, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
EVA J. P. LIEVENS
Affiliation:
CEFE – UMR 5175, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
ELODIE FLAVEN
Affiliation:
CEFE – UMR 5175, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
ADELINE SEGARD
Affiliation:
CEFE – UMR 5175, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
ROULA JABBOUR-ZAHAB
Affiliation:
CEFE – UMR 5175, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
YANNIS MICHALAKIS
Affiliation:
MIVEGEC – UMR 5290, CNRS-IRD-UM1-UM2, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, B.P. 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
PHILIP AGNEW
Affiliation:
MIVEGEC – UMR 5290, CNRS-IRD-UM1-UM2, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, B.P. 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
CHRISTIAN P. VIVARÈS
Affiliation:
Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France LMGE – UMR 6023, CNRS, F-63177 Aubière, France
THOMAS LENORMAND
Affiliation:
CEFE – UMR 5175, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
*
*Corresponding author. CEFE – UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France. E-mail: nicolas.rode@ens-lyon.org
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Summary

Two new microsporidia, Anostracospora rigaudi n. g., n. sp., and Enterocytospora artemiae n. g., n. sp. infecting the intestinal epithelium of Artemia parthenogenetica Bowen and Sterling, 1978 and Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906 in southern France are described. Molecular analyses revealed the two species belong to a clade of microsporidian parasites that preferentially infect the intestinal epithelium of insect and crustacean hosts. These parasites are morphologically distinguishable from other gut microsporidia infecting Artemia. All life cycle stages have isolated nuclei. Fixed spores measure 1·3×0·7 μm with 5–6 polar tube coils for A. rigaudi and 1·2×0·9 μm with 4 polar tube coils for E. artemiae. Transmission of both species is horizontal, most likely through the ingestion of spores released with the faeces of infected hosts. The minute size of these species, together with their intestinal localization, makes their detection and identification difficult. We developed two species-specific molecular markers allowing each type of infection to be detected within 3–6 days post-inoculation. Using these markers, we show that the prevalence of these microsporidia ranges from 20% to 75% in natural populations. Hence, this study illustrates the usefulness of molecular approaches to study prevalent, but cryptic, infections involving microsporidian parasites of gut tissues.

Keywords

Artemia franciscanaArtemia parthenogeneticahorizontal transmissionMicrosporidiaphylogenyultrastructure
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 140 , Issue 9 , August 2013 , pp. 1168 - 1185
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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