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Filarial worms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diversity in animals from Iran with emphasis on human cases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2020

Ezatollah Ghasemi ,
Sadegh Shamsinia ,
Ali Taghipour ,
Davood Anvari ,
Saeed Bahadory ,
Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh ,
Bahareh Kordi ,
Hamidreza Majidiani Open the ORCID record for Hamidreza Majidiani [Opens in a new window] ,
Hassan Borji Open the ORCID record for Hassan Borji [Opens in a new window]  and
MohammadReza Chaechi Nosrati
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Ezatollah Ghasemi
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
Sadegh Shamsinia
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Ali Taghipour
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Davood Anvari
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
Saeed Bahadory
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Bahareh Kordi
Affiliation:
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Hamidreza Majidiani*
Affiliation:
Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Hassan Borji
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
MohammadReza Chaechi Nosrati*
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Ali Yousefi
Affiliation:
Students Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Morteza Shams
Affiliation:
Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
*
Author for correspondence: Hamidreza Majidiani, MohammadReza Chaechi Nosrati, E-mail: Hamidreza.majidiani@gmail.com, h.majidiani@modres.ac.ir, mohammadchaichi1@gmail.com
Author for correspondence: Hamidreza Majidiani, MohammadReza Chaechi Nosrati, E-mail: Hamidreza.majidiani@gmail.com, h.majidiani@modres.ac.ir, mohammadchaichi1@gmail.com
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Abstract

Current systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate the prevalence reports of filariasis in animals in Iran along with human cases. Studies were screened, relevant papers were selected and the random-effect model was used by forest plot with 95% confidence interval (CI). Of 17 records of human case-reports, particularly from Khuzestan province (5 cases), Dirofilaria repens was the most detected parasite (10 cases) with higher involvement of the right eye (7 cases) than other organs. Eleven animal species were reported to be parasitised by filarioids in Iran. The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in canids was 14.69% (95% CI: 10.33–19.67), with highest rates (20.92%; 95% CI: 13.84–29.03) in free-ranging dogs. Male (10.07%; 95% CI: 5.10–16.47) and more than 1-year old (20.77%; 95% CI: 8.66–36.42) dogs were more likely to be found infected. The frequency of other filarioids of zoonotic interest was: Acanthocheilonema reconditum in dogs 2.15% (95% CI: 0.71–4.33), Dipetalonema evansi in camels 10.16% (95% CI: 4.73–17.34), Onchocerca cervicalis in horses 3.63% (95% CI: 1.44–6.75%) and Onchocerca fasciata 16.57% (95% CI: 10.12–24.24%) in camels. Still, our knowledge on parasitic filariae in Iran is limited and more investigation is needed in both human and animal populations.

Keywords

DiversityFilarioidsIranmeta-analysissystematic review
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 147 , Issue 9 , August 2020 , pp. 909 - 921
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Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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