Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T09:16:02.583Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetically discrete populations of Trypanosoma congolense from livestock on the Kenyan coast

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

G. Knowles ,
B. Betschart ,
B. A. Kukla ,
J. R. Scott  and
P. A. O. Majiwa
G. Knowles
Affiliation:
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
B. Betschart
Affiliation:
Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Ch 4051, Basel, Switzerland
B. A. Kukla
Affiliation:
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
J. R. Scott
Affiliation:
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
P. A. O. Majiwa
Affiliation:
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Twenty-seven stocks of Nannomonas trypanosomes isolated from livestock in 1982 on a ranch at Kilifi on the Kenyan coast were characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis and by the abilities of the parasite's DNA to hybridize to two repetitive sequence DNA probes. Allthe Kilifi stocks which were examined had isoenzyme patterns which were markedly different from the 75 patterns previously described from 78 stocks of Trypanosoma congolense. On average only 15% of the enzyme bands present in the Kilifi stocks were present in those stocks of T. congolense which had previously been surveyed for isoenzymes. The DNA from all the Kilifi stocks which had been examined for isoenzymes hybridized with only the repetitive sequence probe isolated from a clone of a Kilifi stock. In contrast, the DNA from all 27 Kilifi stocks failed to hybridize with a repetitive sequence probe isolated from a clone from a different stock of T. congolense. Thus, the trypanosomes in all the Kilifi stocks examined were both phenotypically and genotypically discrete. These genetically discrete trypanosomes have also been detected in 2 stocks isolated from livestock from another location on the Kenyan coast. The results show that there is a wide range of genetic heterogeneity within the trypanosomes currently classified as T. congolense. We suggest that the limits of this genetic heterogeneity could represent incipient speciation.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 96 , Issue 3 , June 1988 , pp. 461 - 474
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCE

Conover, W. J., (1971). Practical Nonparametric Statistics. London: J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Gashumba, J. K., (1985). Trypanosoma congolense: The distribution of enzymic variants in East Africa. Ph.D. thesis, University of London.Google Scholar
Gashumba, J. K., (1986). Two enzymically distinct stocks of Trypanosoma congolense. Research in Veterinary Science 40, 411–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gashumba, J. K., Gibson, W. C., & Opiyo, E. A., (1986). A preliminary comparison of Trypanosoma simiae and T. congolense by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Acta Tropica 43, 15–19.Google Scholar
Gibson, W. C., Marshall, T. F., de C. Godfrey, D. G., (1980). Numerical analysis of enzyme polymorphism. A new approach to the epidemiology and taxonomy of trypanosomes of the subgenus Trypanozoon. Advances in Parasitology 18, 175–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, W. C., Mehlitz, D., Lanham, S. M., & Godfrey, D. G., (1978). The identification of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Liberian pigs and dogs by isoenzymes and by resistance to human plasma. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 29, 335–45.Google ScholarPubMed
Jenni, L., Marti, S., Schweizer, J., Betschart, B., Page, R. W. F., Wells, J. M., Tait, A., Paindavoine, P., Pays, E., & Steinert, M., (1986). Hybrid formation between African trypanosomes during cyclical transmission. Nature, London 322, 173–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kilgour, V., & Godfrey, D. G., (1973). Species — characteristic isoenzymes of two aminotransferases. Nature, London 244, 69–70.Google ScholarPubMed
Kukla, B. A., Majiwa, P. A. O., Young, J. R., Moloo, S. K., & Ole-MoiYoi, O., (1987). Use of species-specific DNA probes for detection and identification of trypanosome infection in tsetse flies. Parasitology 95, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lanham, S. M., & Godfrey, D. G., (1970). Isolation of salivarian trypanosomes from man and other animals using DEAE cellulose. Experimental Parasitology 28, 521–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maniatis, F., Fritsch, E. C., & Sambrook, J., (1982). Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Google Scholar
Majiwa, P. A. O., Masake, R. A., Nantulya, V. M., Hamers, R., & Matthyssens, G., (1985). Trypanosoma (N annomonas) congolense: identification of two karyotypic groups. The EMBO Journal 4, 3307–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majiwa, P. A. O., Hamers, R., Van Meirvenne, N., & Matthyssens, G., (1986). Evidence for genetic diversity in Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense. Parasitology 93, 291–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Majiwa, P. A. O., & Webster, P., (1987). A repetitive deoxyribonucleic acid sequence distinguishes Trypanosoma simiae from T. congolense. Parasitology 95, 543–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maloo, S. H., Kimotho, P. G., Chema, S., Koskey, J., Trail, J. C. M., & Murray, M., (1985). Health and productivity of East African Zebu under village management in a tsetse infested area of the Coast of Kenya. International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control. OAU/STRC 182–87.Google Scholar
Masake, R. A., Nantulya, V. M., Musoke, A. J., Moloo, S. K., & Nguli, K., (1987). Characterization of Trypanosoma congolense serodemes in stocks isolated from cattle introduced onto a ranch in Kilifi Kenya. Parasitology 94, 349–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mehlitz, D., Zillman, U., Scott, C. M., & Godfrey, D. G., (1982). Epidemiological studies on the animal reservoir of gambiense sleeping sickness. Part IV Characterisation of Trypanozoon stocks by isoenzymes and sensitivity to human serum. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 23, 113–18.Google Scholar
Murray, M., Murray, P. K., & McIntyre, W. I. M., (1977). An improved parasitological technique for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71, 325–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paling, R. W., Leak, S. G. A., Katende, J., Kamunya, G., & Moloo, S. K., (1987). Epidemiology of animal trypanosomiasis on a cattle ranch in Kilifi, Kenya. Acta Tropica 44, 67–82.Google ScholarPubMed
Tait, A., (1980). Diploidy and mating in trypanosomes. Nature, London 287, 536–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tarimo, S. A., Snow, F. W., Butler, L., & Dransfield, R., (1985). The probability of tsetse acquiring trypanosome infection from a single blood meal in different localities in Kenya. Acta Tropica 42, 199–207.Google ScholarPubMed
Wraxall, B. G. D., & Culliford, B. J., (1968). A thin layer starch gel method for enzyme typing blood stains. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 8, 81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, C. J., & Godfrey, D. G., (1983). Enzyme polymorphism and the distribution of Trypanosoma congolense isolates. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 77, 467–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed