Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T08:31:59.897Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Induction of immunological tolerance in rats to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

T. Kassai  and
I. D. Aitken
T. Kassai
Affiliation:
Wellcome Laboratories for Experimental Parasitology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Glasgow
I. D. Aitken
Affiliation:
Wellcome Laboratories for Experimental Parasitology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Glasgow
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

A successful attempt was made to induce immunological tolerance to N. brasiliensis in laboratory rats by exposing them to larval infections before the age of immunological maturity.

The adult capacity of rats to eliminate a primary infection in 3 weeks and to acquire resistance to reinfection was developed by 5 weeks of age. On the other hand, primary infections of 250–660 larvae, originating before 4 weeks of age, survived in 61 of 83 rats up to 10 weeks. These rats were not resistant to challenge at 5 or 7 weeks of age, nor did the challenge infection undergo immune elimination. Such tolerance was evident even in rats whose primary worm burden was chemically abbreviated prior to challenge.

It was not always possible to distinguish between tolerant and immune animals on the basis of egg output patterns. Suppression of egg output occurred even in tolerant rats harbouring relatively stable female populations.

For immunological experiments on N. brasiliensis infection in rats, the determination of a ‘take ratio’ is advocated: (20 day take/10 day take) × 100. This ratio eliminates the error inherent in variability of takes and renders comparable the results of different experiments.

The work was carried out in 1965 during tenure by one of us (T.K.) of an Exchange Scholarship under the British–Hungarian Cultural Agreement. Supervision by Professor W. Mulligan and the co-operation of colleagues in the Wellcome Laboratories are gratefully acknowledged.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 57 , Issue 3 , August 1967 , pp. 403 - 418
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Africa, C. M. (1931). Studies on the host relations of Nippostrongylus muris with special reference to age resistance and acquired immunity. J. Parasit. 18, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Argyris, B. F. (1963). Adoptive tolerance: transfer of the tolerant state. J. Immunol. 90, 29–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Argyris, B. F. (1966). Adoptive tolerance transferred by bone marrow, spleen, lymph node or thymus cells. J. Immunol. 96, 273–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barth, E. E. E., Jarrett, W. F. H. & Urquhart, G. M. (1966). Studies on the mechanism of the self cure reaction in rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Immunology 10, 459–64.Google Scholar
Brambell, M. R. (1964). The distribution of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos, 1914) in the small intestine of resistant and susceptible rats. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Brambell, M. R. (1965). The distribution of a primary infestation of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the small intestine of laboratory rats. Parasitology 55, 313–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burnet, F. M. & Fenner, F. (1949). The Production of Antibodies, 2nd ed.Melbourne: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Chandler, A. C. (1932). Experiments on resistance of rats to superinfection with the nematode, Nippostrongylus muris. Am. J. Hyg. 16, 750–82.Google Scholar
Chandler, A. C. (1935). Studies on the nature of immunity to intestinal helminths. I. The local nature of the immunity of white rats to Nippostrongylus infection. Am. J. Hyg. 22, 157–68.Google Scholar
Chandler, A. C. (1936 a). Studies on the nature of immunity to intestinal helminths. III. Renewal of growth and egg production in Nippostrongylus after transfer from immune to non-immune rats. Am. J. Hyg. 23, 46–54.Google Scholar
Chandler, A. C. (1936 b). Studies on the nature of immunity to intestinal helminths. IV. The inter-relations between parenteral and intestinal immunity in rats infected with Nippostrongylus. Am. J. Hyg. 24, 129–44.Google Scholar
Ewert, A. & Olson, L. J. (1960). Immunological tolerance studies with mice and Trichinella. J. Parasit. 46, 849–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedman, H. (1966). Absence of agglutinin formation in spleen cell cultures from immunologically tolerant rats. J. Immunol. 96, 289–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, G. L. (1934). Resistance studies with the nematode, Nippostrongylus muris, in laboratory rats. Am. J. Hyg. 20, 352–72.Google Scholar
Graham, G. L. & Porter, D. A. (1934). Strains of Nippostrongylus muris and their behaviour in various strains of rats. J. Parasit. 20, Suppl. 323. (Abstr.)Google Scholar
Haley, A. J. & Parker, J. C. (1961). Effect of population density on adult worm survival in primary Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections in the rat. Proc. helminth. Soc. Wash. 28, 176–80.Google Scholar
Halliday, R. (1957). The production of antibodies by young rats. Proc. R. Soc. B 47, 140–44.Google Scholar
Hašek, M., LengerovÁ, A. & Hraba, T. (1961). Transplantation immunity and tolerance. Adv. Immunol. 1, 1–66.Google Scholar
Hurley, F. J. (1959). Immunization threshold in laboratory rats given a small initial infection of Nippostrongylus muris. Proc. helminth. Soc. Wash. 26, 91–96.Google Scholar
Jarrett, E. E. E., Jarrett, W. F. H. & Urquhart, G. M. (1966). Immunological unresponsiveness in adult rats to the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis induced by infection in early life. Nature, Lond. 211, 1310–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jennings, F. W., Mulligan, W. & Urquhart, G. M. (1963). Variables in X-ray inactivation of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis larvae. Expl Parasit. 13, 367–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kerr, W. R. & Roberston, M. (1954). Passively and actively acquired antibodies for Trichomonas foetus in very young calves. J. Hyg. Camb. 52, 253–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mulligan, W., Urquhart, G. M., Jennings, F. W. & Neilson, J. T. M. (1965). Immunological studies on Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in the rat: the self-cure phenomenon. Expl. Parasit. 16, 341–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nossal, G. J. V. (1958). The induction of immunological tolerance in rats to foreign erythrocytes. Aust. J. exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 36, 235–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogilvie, B. M. (1964). Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos, 1914; Travassos & Darriba, 1929). A study of the life cycle and the immunological response of the host. Dissertation, University of Cambridge, U.K.Google Scholar
Ogilvie, B. M. (1965). Role of adult worms in immunity of rats to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Parasitology 55, 325–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olson, L. J. & Ewert, A. (1961). Further studies on immunological tolerance with mice and Trichinella. Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. 19, 866–68.Google ScholarPubMed
Porter, D. A. (1935). Studies on the pathology of Nippostrongylus muris in rats and mice. J. Parasit. 21, 226–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sables, M. P. & Taliaferro, W. H. (1936). The local points of defence and the passive transfer of acquired immunity to Nippostrongylus muris in rats. J. infect. Dis. 59, 207–20.Google Scholar
Smith, R. T. (1961). Immunological tolerance of nonliving antigens. Adv. Immunol. 1, 67–129.Google Scholar
Soulsby, E. J. L. (1963). Immunological unresponsiveness to helminth infections in animals. Proc. 17th World Vet. Congr., Hanover. 1, 761–67.Google Scholar
Sprent, J. F. A. (1963). Parasitism. London: Baillière Tindall and Cox.Google Scholar
Woodruff, M. F. A. & Simpson, L. O. (1955). Induction of tolerance to skin homografts in rats by injection of cells from the prospective donor soon after birth. Br. J. exp. Path. 36, 494–99.Google ScholarPubMed