Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T06:50:26.022Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Molecular and morphological characterization of Echinococcus in cervids from North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2005

R. C. A. THOMPSON ,
A. C. BOXELL ,
B. J. RALSTON ,
C. C. CONSTANTINE ,
R. P. HOBBS ,
T. SHURY  and
M. E. OLSON
R. C. A. THOMPSON
Affiliation:
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Molecular Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
A. C. BOXELL
Affiliation:
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Molecular Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
B. J. RALSTON
Affiliation:
Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Airdrie, Alberta, Canada
C. C. CONSTANTINE
Affiliation:
Division of Genetics and Bioinformatics, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
R. P. HOBBS
Affiliation:
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Molecular Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
T. SHURY
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
M. E. OLSON
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Many issues concerning the taxonomy of Echinococcus have been resolved in recent years with the application of molecular tools. However, the status of Echinococcus maintained in transmission cycles involving cervid intermediate hosts remains to be determined. The recent characterization of the parasite from cervids in Finland has highlighted the paucity of data available, particularly that from North America. In this study, we have characterized a large number of Echinococcus isolates from cervids from Western Canada on the basis of morphology and molecular genetic techniques. Our results support earlier studies suggesting that Echinococcus of cervid origin is phenotypically and genetically distinct to Echinococcus maintained in domestic host assemblages, and also confirms that Echinococcus of cervid origin does not constitute a genetically homogeneous group. However, our data do not support the existence of 2 distinct genotypes (strains/subspecies) with separate geographical distributions. Our data appear to support the existence of only 1 species in cervids, but additional isolates from cervids and wolves in other endemic regions should be characterized before a final decision is made on the taxonomic status of Echinococcus in cervids.

Keywords

EchinococcusEchinococcus granulosuscervidsCanadamolecular characterizationstrains/genotypes/subspeciesmitochondrial (COI, NDI and ATP6)ITS-1G8G10
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 132 , Issue 3 , March 2006 , pp. 439 - 447
Copyright
© 2005 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bergerud, A. T. and Mercer, W. E. ( 1989). Caribou introductions in eastern North America. Wildlife Society Bulletin 17, 111–120.Google Scholar
Bowles, J., Blair, D. and McManus, D. P. ( 1992). Genetic variants within the genus Echinococcus identified by mitochondrial DNA sequencing. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 54, 165–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowles, J., Blair, D. and McManus, D. P. ( 1994). Molecular genetic characterisation of the cervid strain (“northern form”) of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology 109, 215–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowles, J., Blair, D. and McManus, D. P. ( 1995). A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus. Parasitology 110, 317–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowles, J. and McManus, D. P. ( 1993 a). Rapid discrimination of Echinococcus species and strains using a polymerase chain reaction-based RFLP method. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 57, 231–240.Google Scholar
Bowles, J. and McManus, D. P. ( 1993 b). NADH dehydrogenase 1 gene sequences compared for species and strains of the genus Echinococcus. International Journal for Parasitology 23, 969–972.Google Scholar
Castrodale, L. J., Beller, M., Wilson, J. F., Schantz, P. M., McManus, D. P., Zhang, L. H., Fallico, F. G. and Sacco, F. D. ( 2002). Two atypical cases of cystic echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus) in Alaska, 1999. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 66, 325–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, T. W. M. ( 1960). The incidence and diagnosis of hydatid cyst in Canada Echinococcus granulosus var. canadensis. Parasitologia 2, 381–390.Google Scholar
Cameron, T. W. M. and Webster, G. A. ( 1961). Studies in disease ecology. American Geographical Society 2, 141–160.Google Scholar
Eckert, J., Thompson, R. C. A., Michael, S. A., Kumaratilake, L. K. and El-Sawah, H. M. ( 1989). Echinococcus granulosus of camel origin: development in dogs and parasite morphology. Parasitology Research 75, 536–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harandi, F. M., Hobbs, R. P., Adams, P. J., Mobedi, I., Morgan-Ryan, U. M. and Thompson, R. C. A. ( 2002). Molecular and morphological characterization of Echinococcus granulosus of human and animal origin in Iran. Parasitology 125, 367–373.Google Scholar
Hobbs, R. P., Lymbery, A. J. and Thompson, R. C. A. ( 1990). Rostellar hook morphometry of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) from natural and experimental Australian hosts, and its implications for strain recognition. Parasitology 101, 273–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joly, D. O. and Messier, F. ( 2004). The distribution of Echinococcus granulosus in moose: evidence for parasite-induced vulnerability to predation by wolves? Oecologia 140, 586–590.Google Scholar
Kedra, A. H., Swiderski, Z., Tkach, V. V., Dubinsky, P., Pawlowski, Z., Stefaniak, J. and Pawlowski, J. ( 1999). Genetic analysis of Echinococcus granulosus from humans and pigs in Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine. A multicentre study. Acta Parasitologica 44, 248–254.Google Scholar
Kumaratilake, L. M. ( 1982). Aspects of the speciation of Echinococcus granulosus in Australia. Ph.D. thesis, Murdoch University, Western Australia.
Kumaratilake, L. M., Thompson, R. C. A. and Eckert, J. ( 1986). Echinococcus granulosus of equine origin from different countries possess uniform morphological characteristics. International Journal for Parasitology 16, 529–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavikainen, A., Lehtinen, M. J., Meri, T., Hirvelä-Koski, V. and Meri, S. ( 2003). Molecular genetic characterization of the Fennoscandian cervid strain, a new genotypic group (G10) of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology 127, 207–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le, T. H., Pearson, M. S., Blair, D., Dai, N., Zhang, L. H. and McManus, D. P. ( 2002). Complete mitochondrial genomes confirm the distinctiveness of horse-dog and sheep-dog strains of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology 124, 97–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, J. L. ( 2003). Introduced Mammals of the World. Their History, Distribution and Influence. CABI, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
Lymbery, A. J. ( 1995). Genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and speciation in the genus Echinococcus Rudolph 1801. In Echinococcus and Hydatid Disease ( ed. Thompson, R. C. A. and Lymbery, A. J.), pp. 51–87. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E. F. and Sambrook, J. ( 1982). Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
Mankhaeva, V. S. and Shumilov, M. F. ( 1982). Development of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs working with deer. [In Russian]. Nauchno-Tekhnicheskii Byulleten, Sibirskoe Otdelenie VASKhNIL 27, 25–26.Google Scholar
McManus, D. P. and Thompson, R. C. A. ( 2003). Molecular epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis. Parasitology 127, S37–S51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McManus, D. P., Zhang, L., Castrodale, L. J., Le, T. H., Pearson, M. and Blair, D. ( 2002). Short Report: Molecular genetic characterization of an unusually severe case of hydatid disease in Alaska caused by the cervid strain of Echinococcus granulosus. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67, 296–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, U. M., Constantine, C. C., O'Donoghue, P., Meloni, B. P., O'Brien, P. A. and Thompson, R. C. A. ( 1995). Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans and other animals using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 52, 559–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obwaller, A., Schneider, R., Walochnik, J., Gollackner, B., Deutz, A., Janitschke, K., Aspöck, H. and Auer, H. ( 2004). Echinococcus granulosus strain differentiation based on sequence heterogeneity in mitochondrial genes of cytochrome c oxidase-1 and NADH dehydrogenase-1. Parasitology 128, 569–575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pybus, M. J. ( 1990). Survey of hepatic and pulmonary helminths of wild cervids in Alberta, Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 26, 453–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rausch, R. L. ( 1967 a). A consideration of intraspecific categories in the genus Echinococcus rudolphi, 1801 (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Journal of Parasitology 53, 484–491.Google Scholar
Rausch, R. L. ( 1967 b). On the ecology and distribution of Echinococcus spp. (Cestoda:Taeniidae), and characteristics of their development in the intermediate host. Annales of Parasitologie (Paris) 42, 19–63.Google Scholar
Rausch, R. L. ( 1986). Life-cycle patterns and geographic distribution of Echinococcus species. In The Biology of Echinococcus and Hydatid Disease ( ed. Thompson, R. C. A.), pp. 45–80. Allen and Unwin, London, UK.
Safronov, M. G. and Isakov, S. I. ( 1982). Subspecies of Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis in Yakutiya [In Russian]. Nauchno-Tekhnicheskii Byulleten, Sibirskoe Otdelenie VASKhNIL 9, 29–31.Google Scholar
Safronov, M. G. and Isakov, S. I. ( 1984). Echinococcus granulosus and its varieties in Yakutiya [In Russian]. Byulleten Vsesoyuznogo Instituta Gel'mintologii im K. I. Skryabina 37, 58–59.Google Scholar
Schantz, P. M., Chai, J., Craig, P. S., Eckert, J., Jenkins, D. J., Macpherson, C. N. L. and Thakur, A. ( 1995). Epidemiology and control of hydatid disease. In Echinococcus and Hydatid Disease ( ed. Thompson, R. C. A. and Lymbery, A. J.), pp. 233–331. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
Sweatman, G. K. ( 1964). The significance of the artificial introduction of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and moose (Alces alces) in the spread of hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus). Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 58, 307–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweatman, G. K. and Williams, R. J. ( 1963). Comparative studies on the biology and morphology of Echinococcus granulosus from domestic livestock, moose and reindeer. Parasitology 53, 339–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tajima, F. and Nei, M. ( 1984). Estimation of evolutionary distance between nucleotide sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution 1, 269–285.Google Scholar
Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. and Gibson, T. J. ( 1994). CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positions-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22, 4673–4680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, R. C. A. ( 2001). Echinococcosis. In Principles and Practice of Clinical Parasitology ( ed. Gillespie, S. H. and Pearson, R. D.), pp. 595–612. Wiley, Sussex,CrossRef
Thompson, R. C. A., Kumaratilake, L. M. and Eckert, J. ( 1984). Observations on Echinococcus granulosus of cattle origin in Switzerland. International Journal for Parasitology 14, 283–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, R. C. A. and Lymbery, A. J. ( 1988). The nature, extent and significance of variation within the genus Echinococcus. Advances in Parasitology 27, 210–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, R. C. A., Lymbery, A. J. and Constantine, C. C. ( 1995). Variation in Echinococcus: towards a taxonomic revision of the genus. Advances in Parasitology 35, 145–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, R. C. A. and McManus, D. P. ( 2001). Aetiology: parasites and life cycles. In Manual on Echinococcus in Humans and Animals: a Public Health Problem of Global Concern ( ed. Eckert, J., Gemmell, M. A., Meslin, F.-X. and Pawlowski, Z. S.), pp. 1–19. WHO/OIE, Paris. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Thompson, R. C. A. and McManus, D. P. ( 2002). Towards a taxonomic revision of the genus Echinococcus. Trends in Parasitology 18, 452–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van de Peer, Y. and De Wachter, R. ( 1993). TREECON: a software package for the construction and drawing of evolutionary trees. Computational Applications for Biosciences 9, 177–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, G. A. and Cameron, T. W. M. ( 1961). Observations on experimental infections with Echinococcus in rodents. Canadian Journal of Zoology 39, 877–891.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, J. F., Diddams, A. C. and Rausch, R. L. ( 1968). Cystic hydatid disease in Alaska: a review of 101 autochthonous cases of Echinococcus granulosus infection. American Review of Respiratory Diseases 98, 1–15.Google Scholar
Xiao, N., Qiu, J., Nakao, M., Tiaoying, L., Yang, W., Chen, X., Schantz, P. M., Craig, P. S. and Ito, A. ( 2005). Echinococcus shiquicus n. sp., a taeniid cestode from Tibetan fox and plateau pika in China. International Journal for Parasitology 35, 693–701.Google Scholar