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Parasites and low temperatures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2009

D. A. Wharton
D. A. Wharton
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Summary

Low temperatures affect the rate of growth, development and metabolism of parasites and when temperatures fall below 0°C may expose the parasite to the potentially lethal risk of freezing. Some parasites have mechanisms, such as diapause, which synchronise their life cycle with favourable seasons and the availability of hosts. Parasites of endothermic hosts are protected from low temperatures by the thermoregulatory abilities of their host. Free-living and off-host stages, however, may be exposed to subzero temperatures and both freezing-tolerant and freeze-avoiding strategies of cold hardiness are found. Parasites of ectothermic hosts may be exposed to subzero temperatures within their hosts. They can rely on the cold tolerance adaptations of their host or they may develop their own mechanisms. Exposure to low temperatures may occur within the carcass of the host and this may be of epidemiological significance if the parasite can be transmitted via the consumption of the carcass.

Keywords

Temperaturefreezingcold tolerancediapause
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 119 , Supplement S1: Parasite Adaptation to Environmental Constraints , December 1999 , pp. S7 - S17
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1999

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