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Schistosomes of small mammals from the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: new species, familiar species, and implications for schistosomiasis control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2010

B. HANELT ,
I. N. MWANGI ,
J. M. KINUTHIA ,
G. M. MAINA ,
L. E. AGOLA ,
M. W. MUTUKU ,
M. L. STEINAUER ,
B. R. AGWANDA ,
L. KIGO  and
B. N. MUNGAI
...Show all authors
B. HANELT*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001, USA
I. N. MWANGI
Affiliation:
Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Mbagathi Road, P.O. Box 54840-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya
J. M. KINUTHIA
Affiliation:
Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Mbagathi Road, P.O. Box 54840-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya
G. M. MAINA
Affiliation:
Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Mbagathi Road, P.O. Box 54840-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya
L. E. AGOLA
Affiliation:
Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Mbagathi Road, P.O. Box 54840-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya
M. W. MUTUKU
Affiliation:
Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Mbagathi Road, P.O. Box 54840-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya
M. L. STEINAUER
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001, USA
B. R. AGWANDA
Affiliation:
National Museum of Kenya, Zoology Department, Mammal Section, Museum Hill Road, P.O. Box 40658, Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya
L. KIGO
Affiliation:
National Museum of Kenya, Zoology Department, Mammal Section, Museum Hill Road, P.O. Box 40658, Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya
B. N. MUNGAI
Affiliation:
Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Mbagathi Road, P.O. Box 54840-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya
E. S. LOKER
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001, USA
G. M. MKOJI
Affiliation:
Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Mbagathi Road, P.O. Box 54840-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001, USA. Tel: +505 2773174. Fax: +505 2770304. E-mail: bhanelt@unm.edu
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Summary

Recent schistosomiasis control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa have focused nearly exclusively on treatment of humans with praziquantel. However, the extent to which wild mammals act as reservoirs for Schistosoma mansoni and therefore as sources of renewed transmission following control efforts is poorly understood. With the objective to study the role of small mammals as reservoir hosts, 480 animals belonging to 9 rodent and 1 insectivore species were examined for infection with schistosomes in Kisumu, in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Animals were collected from 2 sites: near the lakeshore and from Nyabera Marsh draining into the lake. A total of 6·0% of the animals captured, including 5 murid rodent species and 1 species of shrew (Crocidura olivieri) were infected with schistosomes. Four schistosome species were recovered and identified using cox1 DNA barcoding: S. mansoni, S. bovis, S. rodhaini and S. kisumuensis, the latter of which was recently described from Nyabera Marsh. Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini were found infecting the same host individual (Lophuromys flavopunctatus), suggesting that this host species could be responsible for the production of hybrid schistosomes found in the area. Although the prevalence of S. mansoni infection in these reservoir populations was low (1·5%), given their potentially vast population size, their impact on transmission needs further study. Reservoir hosts could perpetuate snail infections and favour renewed transmission to humans once control programmes have ceased.

Keywords

schistosomiasis controlrodentsinsectivoresreservoir hostsAfricaKenyaSchistosoma kisumuensisSchistosoma mansoniSchistosoma bovisSchistosoma rodhainicontrolbarcoding
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 137 , Issue 7 , June 2010 , pp. 1109 - 1118
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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