Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T07:39:19.096Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sudan: the possible original focus of visceral leishmaniasis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 July 2001

F. PRATLONG ,
J. DEREURE ,
B. BUCHETON ,
S. EL-SAFI ,
A. DESSEIN ,
G. LANOTTE  and
J. P. DEDET
F. PRATLONG
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, CHU de Montpellier, 163 Rue Auguste-Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France
J. DEREURE
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, CHU de Montpellier, 163 Rue Auguste-Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France
B. BUCHETON
Affiliation:
Immunologie et Génétique des Maladies parasitaires, INSERM U 399, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
S. EL-SAFI
Affiliation:
Institute for Tropical Medicine, P.O. Box 1304, Khartoum, Sudan
A. DESSEIN
Affiliation:
Immunologie et Génétique des Maladies parasitaires, INSERM U 399, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
G. LANOTTE
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, CHU de Montpellier, 163 Rue Auguste-Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France
J. P. DEDET
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, CHU de Montpellier, 163 Rue Auguste-Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Fifty-two Leishmania strains, obtained from human patients and dogs in a visceral leishmaniasis focus in Sudan, were characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis (15 enzymes). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the 7 Leishmania zymodemes obtained hold ancestral positions on the phylogenetic tree, supporting the hypothesis of an East African origin of visceral leishmaniasis.

Keywords

LeishmaniasystematicsphylogenyLeishmania donovaniLeishmania archibaldiLeishmania infantumSudan
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 122 , Issue 6 , June 2001 , pp. 599 - 605
Copyright
© 2001 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ADLER, S., FONER, A. & MONTIGLIO, B. (1966). The relationship between human and animal strains of Leishmania from the Sudan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 60, 380–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ASHFORD, R. W., SEAMAN, J., SCHORSCHER, J. & PRATLONG, F. (1992). Epidemic visceral leishmaniasis in southern Sudan: identity and systematic position of the parasites from patients and vectors. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 86, 379–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BRUMPT, E. (1936). Précis de Parasitologie. Masson & Cie, Paris.
CASTELLANI, A. & CHALMERS, A. J. (1919). Manual of Tropical Medicine, 3rd Edn. Baillière Tindall & Cox, London.
CHANCE, M. L., SCHNUR, L. F., THOMAS, S. C. & PETERS, W. (1978). The biochemical and serological taxonomy of Leishmania from the Aethiopian zoogeographical region of Africa. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 72, 533–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CUNHA, A. M. & CHAGAS, E. (1937). Nova especie de protozoario do gênero Leishmania pathogênico para o homen. Leishmania chagasi n. sp. O Hospital, Rio de Janeiro 11, 148–152.Google Scholar
DEREURE, J., BONI, M., PRATLONG, F., BUCHETON, B., EL-SAFI, S., FEUGIER, E., MUSA, M. K., DAVOUST, B., DESSEIN, A. & DEDET, J. P. (2000). Visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan: first identifications of Leishmania from dogs. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 94, 154–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DESJEUX, P. (1996). Leishmaniasis public health aspects and control. Clinics in Dermatology 14, 417–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EL-HASSAN, A. M., HASHIM, F. A., SIDDIG ALI, M., GHALIB, H. W. & ZIJLSTRA, E. E. (1993). Kala-azar in western Upper Nile province in the southern Sudan and its spread to a nomadic tribe from the north. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 87, 395–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GARNHAM, P. C. C. (1965). The Leishmania, with special reference to the role of animal reservoir. American Zoology 5, 141–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HENNIG, W. (1965). Phylogenetic systematic. Annual Review of Entomology 10, 97–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IBRAHIM, M. E., EVANS, D. A., THEANDER, T. G., EL-HASSAN, A. M & KHARAZMI, A. (1995). Diversity among Leishmania isolates from the Sudan: isoenzyme homogeneity of L. donovani versus heterogeneity of L. major. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 89, 366–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JACCARD, P. (1908). Nouvelles recherches sur la distribution florale. Bulletin de la Société vaudoise des Sciences naturelles 44, 223–270.Google Scholar
LAINSON, R. & SHAW, J. J. (1987). Evolution, classification and geographical distribution. In The Leishmaniases in Biology and Medicine (ed. PETERS, W. & KILLICK-KENDRICK, R.), pp. 1–120. Academic Press, London.
LANOTTE, G., RIOUX, J. A., MAAZOUN, R., PASTEUR, N., PRATLONG, F. & LEPART, J. (1981). Application de la méthode numérique à la taxonomie du genre Leishmania Ross, 1903. A propos de 146 souches originaires de l'Ancien Monde. Utilisation des allozymes. Corollaires épidémiologiques et phylétiques. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 56, 575–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LAVERAN, A. & MESNIL, F. (1903). Sur un Protozoaire nouveau (Piroplasma donovani Lav. et Mesn.), parasite d'une fièvre de l'Inde. Compte rendu hebdomadaire des séances de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris 137, 957–961.Google Scholar
LE BLANCQ, S. M. & PETERS, W. (1986). Leishmania in the Old World: 4. The distribution of L. donovani sensu lato zymodemes. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 80, 367–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LUMSDEN, W. H. R. (1974). Biochemical taxonomy of Leishmania. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 68, 74–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MORENO, G. (1989). Les complexes Leishmania donovani et Leishmania infantum. Implications taxinomiques, biogéographiques et épidémiologiques. A propos de l'analyse enzymatique de 548 souches de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Monde. Thèse Sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Montpellier, France.
MORENO, G., RIOUX, J. A., LANOTTE, G., PRATLONG, F. & SERRES, E. (1986). Le complexe Leishmania donovani s.l. Analyse enzymatique et traitement numérique. Individualisation du complexe Leishmania infantum. Corollaires biogéographiques et phylétiques. A propos de 146 souches originaires de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Monde. In Leishmania, Taxonomie et Phylogenèse. Applications éco-épidémiologiques, (ed. RIOUX, J. A.), pp. 105–117. IMEEE, Montpellier.
NEAVE, S. H. M. (1904). Leishmania donovani in the Sudan. British Medical Journal 1, 1252.Google Scholar
NICOLLE, C. (1908). Culture du parasite du bouton d'Orient. Compte rendu hebdomadaire des séances de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris 146, 842–843.Google Scholar
OSKAM, L., PRATLONG, F., ZIJLSTRA, E. E., KROON, C. C. M., DEDET, J. P., KAGER, P. A. & SCHONIAN, G. (1998). Biochemical and molecular characterization of Leishmania parasites isolated from an endemic focus in eastern Sudan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92, 120–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PIARROUX, R., TROUVE, V., PRATLONG, F., MARTINI, A., LAMBERT, M. & RIOUX, J. A. (1994). The use of isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel for the enzymatic analysis of Old World Leishmania species. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88, 475–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RIOUX, J. A. & LANOTTE, G. (1993). Apport de la cladistique à l'analyse du genre Leishmania Ross, 1903 (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae). Corollaires éco-épidémiologiques. Biosystema 8, 79–90.Google Scholar
RIOUX, J. A., LANOTTE, G., SERRES, E., PRATLONG, F., BASTIEN, P. & PERIERES, J. (1990). Taxonomy of Leishmania, use of isoenzymes. Suggestions for a new classification. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 65, 111–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SCHNUR, L. F. & ZUCKERMAN, A. (1977). Leishmanial excreted factor (EF) serotypes in Sudan, Kenya and Ethiopia. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 71, 273–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SCHNUR, L. F., CHANCE, M. L., EBERT, F., THOMAS, S. C. & PETERS, W. (1981). The biochemical and serological taxonomy of visceralizing Leishmania. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 75, 131–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar