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Alternative oxidase inhibitors as antiparasitic agents against scuticociliatosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 May 2014

NATALIA MALLO ,
JESÚS LAMAS  and
JOSÉ M. LEIRO
NATALIA MALLO
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Research and Food Analysis, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
JESÚS LAMAS
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
JOSÉ M. LEIRO*
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Research and Food Analysis, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
*
* Corresponding author: Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios, c/ Constantino Candeira s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela (La Coruña), Spain. E-mail: josemanuel.leiro@usc.es
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Summary

Philasterides dicentrarchi causes a severe disease in turbot, and at present there are no drugs available to treat infected fish. We have previously demonstrated that, in addition to the classical respiratory pathway, P. dicentrarchi possesses an alternative mitochondrial respiratory pathway that is cyanide-insensitive and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)-sensitive. In this study, we found that during the initial phase of growth in normoxia, ciliate respiration is sensitive to the natural polyphenol resveratrol (RESV) and to Antimycin A (AMA). However, under hypoxic conditions, the parasite utilizes AMA-insensitive respiration, which is completely inhibited by RESV and by the antioxidant propyl gallate (PG), an alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibitor. PG caused significantly dose-dependent inhibition of the in vitro growth of the parasite under normoxia and hypoxia and an over-expression of heat shock proteins of the Hsp70 subfamily. RESV and PG may affect the protective role of the AOX against mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to an impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial dysfunction, which the parasite attempts to neutralize by increasing the expression of Hsp70. In view of the antiparasitic effects induced by AOX inhibitors and the absence of AOX in their host, this enzyme constitutes a potential target for the development of new drugs against scuticociliatosis.

Keywords

Philasterides dicentarchiscuticociliatosisalternative oxidasepropyl gallateresveratrolmitochondriaHsp70
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 141 , Issue 10 , September 2014 , pp. 1311 - 1321
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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