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Ambient fauna impairs parasite transmission in a marine parasite-host system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2008

D. W. THIELTGES ,
M. D. BORDALO ,
A. CABALLERO HERNÁNDEZ ,
K. PRINZ  and
K. T. JENSEN
D. W. THIELTGES*
Affiliation:
Marine Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, Finlandsgade 14, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
M. D. BORDALO
Affiliation:
Marine Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, Finlandsgade 14, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
A. CABALLERO HERNÁNDEZ
Affiliation:
Marine Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, Finlandsgade 14, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
K. PRINZ
Affiliation:
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Hafenstrasse 43, 25992 List, Germany
K. T. JENSEN
Affiliation:
Marine Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, Finlandsgade 14, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Zoology, University of Otago P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. E-mail: David.Thieltges@otago.ac.nz
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Summary

To understand possible factors controlling transmission of trematode larvae between first and second intermediate hosts we examined the impact of ambient fauna on parasite transmission in a marine intertidal parasite-host association. Cockle hosts (Cerastoderma edule) kept together with selected co-occurring macrozoobenthic species in mesocosms acquired a lower parasite load compared to cockles kept alone, when targeted by cercariae of the trematode Himasthla elongata. The reduction of parasite load in the cockles differed between the 7 macrozoobenthic species tested and was between 35 and 91%. Three different types of reduction could be distinguished: (1) predators (Carcinus maenas, Crangon crangon) actively preying upon cercariae, (2) non-host filter feeders (Crepidula fornicata, Mya arenaria, Crassostrea gigas) filtering cercariae but not becoming infected and (3) alternative hosts (Mytilus edulis, Macoma balthica) becoming infected by the cercariae and thus distracting cercariae from the target hosts. In addition, interference competition may occur in the form of disturbance of cockles by ambient organisms resulting in lower filtration rates and subsequently lower parasite loads. Our results suggest that the species composition and relative abundance of the ambient fauna of parasite-host systems play an important role in controlling trematode transmission rates in benthic marine systems.

Keywords

transmissiontrematodescercariaedilution effect
Type
Original Articles
Information
Parasitology , Volume 135 , Issue 9 , August 2008 , pp. 1111 - 1116
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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