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Being successful in the world of narrow opportunities: transmission patterns of the trematode Ichthyocotylurus pileatus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2009

A. FALTÝNKOVÁ ,
A. KARVONEN ,
M. JYRKKÄ  and
E. T. VALTONEN
A. FALTÝNKOVÁ*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
A. KARVONEN
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Research, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
M. JYRKKÄ
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
E. T. VALTONEN
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35 (YA), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
*
*Corresponding author: Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Tel: +420 387775486. Fax: +420 385300388. E-mail: faltyn@paru.cas.cz
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Summary

Parasites with complex life cycles face 2 major challenges for transmission in northern latitudes. They have to cope with the general unpredictability associated with the series of transmission events required for completion of the cycle, and transmission has to be completed within a narrow temporal window because of strong seasonality. Despite this, some parasites show high transmission success, suggesting the operation of effective transmission mechanisms. We explored the transmission of Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (Trematoda) from its snail (Valvata macrostoma) to fish (Perca fluviatilis) hosts by examining some key characteristics in the dynamics of the cercarial emergence from snails. Transmission took place within a few weeks mainly in July, thus verifying the narrow temporal window for transmission. The output of the short-lived cercariae from the snails was low and variable in magnitude, but nevertheless resulted in a rapid and high rate of infection in newly hatched fish. The cercarial emergence showed a strong circadian rhythm with most of the cercariae emerging in early evening and night, which might represent the most likely mechanism underlying the high rate of transmission in this species. We emphasize the importance of holistic approaches combining aspects of multiple host species in studies on transmission of complex life-cycle parasites.

Keywords

host-parasite relationshipscomplex life cyclescommunity ecologytransmission windowcircadian patternhost exploitationDigeneacercarial emergence
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 136 , Issue 11 , September 2009 , pp. 1375 - 1382
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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