Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T12:44:41.115Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biological controls in mixed trichostrongyle infections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

J. H. Whitlock  and
J. R. Georgi
J. H. Whitlock
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853
J. R. Georgi
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The parasite reaction phenotype of 80 lambs was determined with natural infection on pasture. These lambs were then assigned to outcome groups and randomized into treatment groups. Developing some simple but unusual analytical techniques it was possible to demonstrate that mixed natural infections of trichostrongyles with the chief biomass component Haemonchus contortus cayugensis protected against superinfections with 35000 infective larvae but protected against superinfections with 1000 infective larvae per day only within the limits characteristic of the enclosing barn ecosystem. The limits of the barn ecosystem were less constraining on more diathetic sheep than the natural pasture infection. Internal evidence from the experiment suggests that the interaction of sheep × pasture × infective trichostrongylid larvae constrains the parasite biomass in the host in more diathetic animals at significantly lower levels. Anaphylactoid ‘self-cure’ did not occur in this experiment but something like premunition certainly did.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 72 , Issue 3 , June 1976 , pp. 207 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bross, I. D. J., (1963). Linguistic habits of scientists. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 6, 322–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brunsdon, R. V., (1964). The effect on the persistence and pattern of nematode infestation of the transfer of naturally infected sheep from pasture to pens. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 12, 105–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crofton, H. D., (1957). Nematode parasitic populations in sheep on lowland farms. III. The seasonal incidence of species. Parasitology 147, 304–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, K. M., & Whitlock, J. H., (1960). Subspeciation in Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803), Nematoda, Trichostrongyloidea. Cornell Veterinarian 50, 182–97.Google ScholarPubMed
Djurdjevic, D., & Georgi, J. R., (1967). Absorption of certain iron compounds by sheep, dogs and rats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 28, 787–91.Google ScholarPubMed
Elfving, G., & Whitlock, J. H., (1950). A simple trend test with application to erythrocyte size data. Biometrics 6, 283–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Georgi, J. R., (1964). Estimation of parasitic blood loss by whole-body counting. American Journal of Veterinary Research 25, 246–50.Google ScholarPubMed
Georgi, J. R., & Whitlock, J. H., (1965). Erythrocyte loss and restitution in ovine haemonchosis: methods and basic mathematical model. American Journal of Veterinary Research 26, 310–4.Google Scholar
Gordon, H. Mcl., (1948). The epidemiology of parasitic diseases with special reference to studies with nematode parasites of sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal 24, 17–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LeJambre, L. F., Ratcliffe, L. H., Uhazy, L. S., & Whitlock, J. H., (1972). Evidence that the seasonal alternation of polymorphs apparent in linguiform H. contortus cayugensis also occurs in the other phenotypes. International Journal for Parasitology 2, 171–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LeJambre, L. F., & Whitlock, J. H., (1967). Oxygen influence on egg production by a parasitic nematode. Journal of Parasitology 53, 887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LeJambre, L. F., & Whitlock, J. H., (1968). Seasonal fluctuation in linguiform morphs of Haemonchtts contortus cayugensis. Journal of Parasitology 54, 827–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levine, N. D., Bradley, R. E., Clark, D. T., & Kantor, S., (1956). The relation of semiweekly pasture rotation to acquisition of gastrointestinal nematodes by sheep. Journal of Parasitology 42, Suppl. 15.Google Scholar
Levins, Richard., (1973). The limits of complexity. In Patee, H. H., (1973). Hierarchy Theory — The Challenge of Complex Systems. New York: George Braziller.Google Scholar
Madsen, H., & Whitlock, J. H., (1958). The inheritance of resistance to trichostrongylidosis in sheep. III. Preliminary studies using a gastric pouch. Cornell Veterinarian 48, 134–45.Google Scholar
Pattee, Howard H., (1973). Hierarchy Theory — The Challenge of Complex Systems. New York: George Braziller.Google Scholar
Ratcliffe, L. H., Taylor, H. M., Whitlock, J. H., & Lynn, W. R., (1968). Systems analysis of a host-parasite interaction. Parasitology (1969) 59, 649–61.Google Scholar
Read, C. P., (1972). Parasitism and Symbiology. New York: The Ronald Press Co.Google Scholar
Stewart, D. F., (1953). Studies in resistance of sheep to infestation with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. and on the immunological reactions of sheep exposed to infestation v. the nature of the self-cure phenomenon. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 4, 100–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Von Foerster, H., (1962). In Biological Prototypes and Synthetic Systems (ed. Bernard, E. E. and Kare, M. R.). New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Whitlock, J. H., (1955). A study of the inheritance of resistance to trichostrongylidosis in sheep. Cornell Veterinarian 45, 422–39.Google ScholarPubMed
Whitlock, J. H., (1963). A cybernetic approach to a natural epidemic of strongylatosis in sheep. Cornell Veterinarian 53, 505–34.Google ScholarPubMed
Whitlock, J. H., Crofton, H. D., & Georgi, J. R., (1972). Characteristics of parasite populations in endemic trichostrongylidosis. Parasitology 64, 413–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitlock, J. H., Georgi, J. R., Robson, D. S., & Federeb, W. T., (1966). Haemonchosis: an orderly disease. Cornell Veterinarian 56, 544–54.Google ScholarPubMed
Whitlock, J. H., & Madsen, H., (1958). The inheritance of resistance to trichostrongylidosis in sheep. II. Observations on the genetic mechanism in trichostrongylidosis. Cornell Veterinarian 48, 134–45.Google ScholarPubMed
Whitlock, J. H., & Robson, D. S., (1969). The analysis of population & environmental disease mechanisms. The Cornell Veterinarian 59, 453–65.Google ScholarPubMed
Whitlock, J. H., Taylor, A., & Conway, D., (1959). A note on exsheathing mechanisms of third-stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Cornell Veterinarian 49, 421–3.Google ScholarPubMed