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Differential virulence in two congeneric ticks infesting songbird nestlings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 June 2011

DIETER J. A. HEYLEN  and
ERIK MATTHYSEN
DIETER J. A. HEYLEN*
Affiliation:
Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
ERIK MATTHYSEN
Affiliation:
Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
*
*Corresponding author: Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium. Tel: +32 3 265 34 70. Fax: +32 3 265 34 74. E-mail: Dieter.Heylen@ua.ac.be
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Summary

Virulence is part of the proximate base to the understanding of host–parasite interactions, and therefore it is crucial to interpret parasite-induced damage as an outcome of co-evolution between parasite and host. We experimentally investigated the impact of 2 congeneric ticks with contrasting transmission modes and host specificity, on the health of songbird nestlings (Parus major). The nidicolous Ixodes arboricola lives in tree holes where it obtains blood from adult birds and their nestlings, hence is prone to vertical transmission. All developmental stages of the field-dwelling Ixodes ricinus feed on different host taxa, hence are prone to horizontal transmission. Within each nest we infested 3 nestlings with varying loads of I. ricinus and 3 with Ixodes arboricola. Ixodes arboricola had no negative effects on nestling health (haematocrit, inflammation, body size, body condition). Body size was positively associated with the number of feeding I. arboricola adults. In contrast, I. ricinus infestations by nymphs and adult ticks led to haematocrit reductions. Furthermore, I. arboricola was a more prudent feeder, with longer feeding durations for smaller bloodmeals. Although the negative effects on nestling health were limited, our results are in line with current theories, stating that virulence increases with horizontal transmission, reduced dependence on individual hosts and reduced relatedness among co-exploiting ticks.

Keywords

virulencetransmissionkin selectionIxodesgreat tit
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 138 , Issue 8 , July 2011 , pp. 1011 - 1021
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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