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Effect of aliphatic, monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, heterocyclic and sulphur-containing amino acids on Leishmania spp. chemotaxis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2015

E. DIAZ ,
A. K. ZACARIAS ,
S. PÉREZ ,
O. VANEGAS ,
L. KÖHIDAI ,
M. PADRÓN-NIEVES  and
A. PONTE-SUCRE
E. DIAZ
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine Luis Razetti, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
A. K. ZACARIAS
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine Luis Razetti, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
S. PÉREZ
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine Luis Razetti, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
O. VANEGAS
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine Luis Razetti, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
L. KÖHIDAI
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
M. PADRÓN-NIEVES
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine Luis Razetti, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
A. PONTE-SUCRE*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine Luis Razetti, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
*
*Corresponding author. Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. E-mail: aiponte@gmail.com
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Summary

In the sand-fly mid gut, Leishmania promastigotes are exposed to acute changes in nutrients, e.g. amino acids (AAs). These metabolites are the main energy sources for the parasite, crucial for its differentiation and motility. We analysed the migratory behaviour and morphological changes produced by aliphatic, monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, heterocyclic and sulphur-containing AAs in Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis and demonstrated that L-methionine (10−12m), L-tryptophan (10−11m), L-glutamine and L-glutamic acid (10−6m), induced positive chemotactic responses, while L-alanine (10−7m), L-methionine (10−11 and 10−7m), L-tryptophan (10−11m), L-glutamine (10−12m) and L-glutamic acid (10−9m) induced negative chemotactic responses. L-proline and L-cysteine did not change the migratory potential of Leishmania. The flagellum length of L. braziliensis, but not of L. amazonensis, decreased when incubated in hyperosmotic conditions. However, chemo-repellent concentrations of L-alanine (Hypo-/hyper-osmotic conditions) and L-glutamic acid (hypo-osmotic conditions) decreased L. braziliensis flagellum length and L-methionine (10−11m, hypo-/hyper-osmotic conditions) decreased L. amazonensis flagellum length. This chemotactic responsiveness suggests that Leishmania discriminate between slight concentration differences of small and structurally closely related molecules and indicates that besides their metabolic effects, AAs play key roles linked to sensory mechanisms that might determine the parasite's behaviour.

Keywords

Amino acidschemotaxisflagellum lengthLeishmania braziliensisLeishmania amazonensisparasite's motilityosmotic stress
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 142 , Issue 13 , November 2015 , pp. 1621 - 1630
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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