Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T21:28:20.423Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of oxytetracycline on Theileria parva in vitro

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

P. R. Spooner
P. R. Spooner
Affiliation:
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

When bovine peripheral blood leucocytes were infected with Theileria parva sporozoites, immediate treatment with oxytetracycline (OTC) inhibited the development of sporozoites to mature schizonts. The extent of inhibition was dependent on drug concentration and duration of treatment. Concentrations of 5 μg/ml OTC, or higher, for 8 days completely inhibited the establishment of schizonts and their ability to transform host cells. A cytostatic effect on schizont-infected cell lines was found with three tetracyclines and was also demonstrated on uninfected lymphoblasts. The parasites were found to be sensitive t OTC during development to schizonts, but when mature and established within host cells, schizonts were not demonstrably affected. The infectivity of sporozoites and the binding of sporozoites to lymphocytes were not directly inhibited by OTC. The results may explain the action of tetracyclines when used prophylactically during immunization against East Coast fever, and also the reasons for the ineffectiveness of these drugs when used therapeutically during patent disease.

Keywords

Theileria parvaEast Coast feverin vitrooxytetracyclineimmunization
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 100 , Issue 1 , February 1990 , pp. 11 - 17
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ball, S. J. & Warren, E. W. (1966). Effects of chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and spiramycin on Eimeria tenella in chicks. Journal of Comparative Pathology 76, 255–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brocklesby, D. W., Barnett, S. F. & Scott, G. R. (1961). Morbidity and mortality rates in East Coast fever(Theileria parva infection) and their application to drug screening procedures. British Veterinary Journal 117, 529–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, C. G. D. (1979). Propagation of Theileria. In Practical Tissue Culture Applications (ed. Maramorosch, K. & Hirumi, H.), pp. 223–254. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Brown, C. G. D., Radley, D. E., Cunningham, M. P., Kirimi, I. M., Morzaria, S. P. & Musoke, A. J. (1977). Immunization against East Coast fever (Theileria parva infections of cattle) by infection and treatment: chemoprophylaxis with N-pyrrolidinomethyl tetracycline. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 28, 342–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Brown, W. C. & Grab, D. J. (1985). Biological and biochemical characterization of bovine interleukin 2. Studies with cloned bovine T cells. Journal of Immunology 133, 3184–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, W. C. & Logan, K. S. (1986). Bovine T-cell clones infected with Theileria parva produce a factor with IL 2-like activity. Parasite Immunology 8, 189–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davey, L. A., Ferber, M. T. & Kaye, B. (1985). Comparison of the serum pharmacokinetics of a long-acting and a conventional oxytetracycline injection. Veterinary Record 117, 426–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobbelaere, D. A. E., Spooner, P. R., Barry, W. C. & Irvin, A. D. (1984). Monoclonal antibody neutralizes the sporozoite stage of different T. parva stocks. Parasite Immunology 6, 361–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dobbelaere, D. A. E., Webster, P., Leitch, B. L., Voigt, W. P. & Irvin, A. D. (1985). Theileria parva: studies on expression of a sporozoite surface coat antigen. Experimental Parasitology 60, 90–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dolan, T. T. (1981). Progress in the chemotherapy of theileriosis. In Advances in the Control of Theileriosis (ed. Irvin, A. D., Cunningham, M. P. & Young, A. S.), pp. 186–208. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irvin, A. D., Ocama, J. G. R. & Spooner, P. R.(1982). Cycle of bovine lymphoblastoid cells parasitised by Theileria parva. Research in Veterinary Science 33, 298–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Irvin, A. D., Dobbelaere, D. A. E., Mwamachi, D. M., Minami, T., Spooner, P. R. & Ocama, J. G. R. (1983). Immunization against East Coast fever: correlation between monoclonal antibody profiles of Theileria parva stocks and cross immunity in vivo. Research in Veterinary Science 35, 341–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karber, G. (1931). Beitrag zur kollektiven Behandlung pharmakologischer Reihenversuche. Archiv för Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 162, 480–7.Google Scholar
Kurtti, T. J., Buscher, G. & Hirumi, H. (1978). Establishment and characterization of bovine lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with the intracellular protozoan Theileria parva. In Vitro 14, 389.Google Scholar
Kurtti, T. J., Munderloh, U. G., Irvin, A. D. & Buscher, G. (1981). Theileria parva: early events in the development of bovine lymphoblastoid cell lines persistently infected with macroschizonts. Experimental Parasitology 52, 280–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lalor, P. A., Morrison, W. I., Goddeeris, B. M., Jack, R. M. & Black, S. J. (1986). Monoclonal antibodies identify phenotypically and functionally distinct cell types in the bovine lymphoid system. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 13, 121–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McHardy, N., Haigh, A. J. B. & Dolan, T. T. (1976). Chemotherapy of Theileria parva infection. Nature, London 261, 698–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McHardy, N., Hudson, A. T. & Rae, D. G. (1980). Therapy of Theileria parva: correlation of results in culture and in cattle. In The in Vitro Cultivation of the Pathogens of Tropical Diseases (ed. Ilrad, ), pp. 149–152. Basel: Schwabe and Co.Google Scholar
McHardy, N. & Wekesa, L. S. (1985). Buparvaquone (BW 720C): a new anti-theilerial naphthoquinone: its role in the therapy and prophylaxis of theileriosis. In Immunization against Theileriosis in Africa (ed. Irvin, A. D.), p. 88. Nairobi: ILRAD.Google Scholar
McHardy, N., Wekesa, L. S., Hudson, A. T. & Randall, A. W. (1985). Antitheilerial activity of BW 720C (buparvaquone): a comparison with parvaquone. Research in Veterinary Science 39, 29–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Minami, T., Spooner, P. R., Irvin, A. D., Ocama, J. G. R., Dobbelaere, D. A. E. & Fujinaga, T. (1983). Characterization of stocks of Theileria parva by monoclonal antibody profiles. Research in Veterinary Science 35, 334–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morgan, D. W. T. & McHardy, N. (1982). Comparison of the antitheilerial effect of Wellcome 993C and halofuginone. Research in Veterinary Science 32, 84–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mugera, G. M., Mworia, G. M. & Munyua, W. K. (1973). Treatment of East Coast fever with Aureomycin. Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases of Africa 21, 501–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Mutugi, J. J., Young, A. S., Maritim, A. C., Linyonyi, A., Mbogo, S. K. & Leitch, B. L. (1988). Immunization of cattle using varying infective doses of Theileria parva lawrencei sporozoites derived from an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and treatment with buparvaquone. Parasitology 96, 391–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neitz, W. O. (1953). Aureomycin in Theileria parva infection. Nature, London 171, 34–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neitz, W. O. (1957). Theileriosis, gonderioses and cytauxzoonoses: A review. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 27, 275–430.Google Scholar
Pinder, M. & Hewett, R. S. (1980). Monoclonal antibodies detect antigenic diversity in Theileria parva parasites. Journal of Immunology 124, 1000–1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinder, M., Kar, S., Withey, K. S., Lundin, L. B. & Roelants, G. E. (1981). Proliferation and lymphocyte stimulatory capacity of Theileria-infected lymphoblastoid cells before and after elimination of parasites. Immunology 44, 51–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Purnell, R. E. (1977). East Coast Fever: some recent research in East Africa. Advances in Parasitology 15, 83–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radley, D. E. (1978). Immunization against East Coast Fever by chemoprophylaxis. FAO Technical Report 1. AG: DP/RAF/67/077, Rome.Google Scholar
Radley, D. E. (1981). Infection and treatment method of immunization against theileriosis. In Advances in the Control of Theileriosis (ed. Irvin, A. D., Cunningham, M. P. & Young, A. S.), pp. 227–237. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryley, J. F. & Wilson, R. G. (1976). Laboratory studies with some older anticoccidials. Parasitology 73, 287–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schein, E. & Voigt, W. P. (1979). Chemotherapy of bovine theileriosis with halofuginone. Acta Tropica 36, 391–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Spooner, P. R. (1987). Oxytetracycline and Theileria parva: the effects of the drug and its mechanisms of action with respect to the ‘infection and treatment’ method of immunizing cattle against East Coast fever. Ph.D. thesis, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK.Google Scholar
Stagg, D. A., Dolan, T. T., Leitch, B. L. & Young, A. S. (1981). The initial stages of infection of cattle cells with Theileria parva sporozoites in vitro. Parasitology 83, 191–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Theiler, A. (1904). East Coast Fever. Transvaal Agricultural Journal 2, 421–38.Google Scholar
Van Den Bogert, C., Dontje, B. H. J., Wybenga, J. J. & Kroon, A. M. (1981). Arrest of in vivo proliferation of Zajdela tumor cells by inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Cancer Research 41, 1943–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Van Den Bogert, C., Dontje, B. H. J. & Kroon, A. M. (1983). Arrest of in vivo growth of a solid Leydig cell tumor by prolonged inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Cancer Research 43, 2247–51.Google ScholarPubMed
Wilde, J. K. H. (1967). East Coast Fever. Advances in Veterinary Science 11, 207–59.Google ScholarPubMed
Wilde, J. K. H., Hulliger, L. & Brown, C. G. D. (1966). Some recent East Coast fever research. Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases of Africa 14, 29–35.Google ScholarPubMed