Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T07:21:42.416Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of vector control on the antibody response to antigens of Onchocerca volvulus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

J. E. Bradley ,
A. J. Gillespie ,
K. R. Trenholme  and
M. Karam
J. E. Bradley
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BB
A. J. Gillespie
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BB
K. R. Trenholme
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BB
M. Karam
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BB
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The effects of exposure to infective larvae on the antibody response to a cocktail of specific recombinant antigens of Onchocerca volvulus and to a worm extract were evaluated by comparing the responses of individuals from a vector controlled area with those from an area of continuing transmission by ELISA. Individuals from the vector controlled areas were found to have reduced responses to both antigen preparations. Amicrofilerdermic (mf–) individuals from the area of vector control exhibited significantly lower total and subclass IgG responses to the worm extract. In contrast, the responses to the cocktail of specific recombinants were significantly reduced in individuals from the area of vector control who were still microfilerdermia positive (mf+). The distribution of IgG subclass specific responses was similar to both antigen preparations, both dominated by the IgG4 and IgG1 subclasses. IgG1 responses to the worm extract remained elevated in the vector controlled individuals but IgG4 was significantly reduced in the mf – individuals. Both subclasses reflected the total IgG response to the cocktail of recombinants and were significantly reduced in individuals from the vector controlled area, when compared to individuals from the hyperendemic area. IgG1 responses to the cocktail of recombinants are significantly lower than IgG4 in all individuals and virtually absent in individuals from the vector-controlled area. Measuring total IgG and IgG4 is more sensitive than IgG1 in detecting infection, 100 or 97% respectively, but they remain elevated in the individuals from the vector controlled areas even after 8–10 years interruption of transmission. These results have important implications for the serological monitoring of control programmes in individuals who have previously been infected.

Keywords

Onchocerca volvulusvector controlantibody responserecombinant antigens.
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 106 , Issue 4 , May 1993 , pp. 363 - 370
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aalberse, R. C., van der Gaag, R. & van, Leeuwem (1983). Serologic aspects of IgG4 antibodies. I. Prolonged immunization results in an IgG4-restricted response. Journal of Immunology 130, 722–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bianco, A. E., Robertson, B. D., Kuo, Y-M., Townson, S. & Ham, P. (1990). Developmentally related expression and secretion of a polymorphic antigen by Onchocerca infective stage larvae. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 39, 203–12.Google Scholar
Bradley, J. E., Helm, R., Lahaise, M. & Maizels, R. M. (1991). cDNA clones of Onchocerca volvulus low molecular weight antigens provide immunologically specific probes. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 46, 219–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, J. E., Trenholm, K., Gillespie, A., Guderian, R., Titanji, V., Karam, M. & McReynolds, L. (1993). A cocktail of recombinant antigens provide a sensitive serodiagnostic test for onchocerciasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (in the Press).Google Scholar
Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248–54.Google Scholar
Cabrera, Z. & Parkhouse, R. M. E. (1987). Isolation of an antigenic fraction for diagnosis of onchocerciasis, Parasite Immunology 9, 39–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Challacombe, S. J., Biggerstaff, M., Greenall, C. & Kemeny, D. M. (1986). ELISA detection of human IgG subclass antibodies to Streptococcus mutans. Journal of Immunological Methods 87, 95–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conraths, F. J., Worms, M. J., Preece, G., Harnett, W. & Parkhouse, R. M. E. (1991). Studies on a 14-kilodalton surface protein of Onchocerca microfilariae. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 46, 103–12.Google Scholar
Dinman, J. D. & Scott, A. L. (1990). Onchocerca volvulus: molecular cloning, primary structure, and expression of a microfilarial surface associated antigen. Experimental Parasitology 71, 176–88.Google Scholar
Egwang, T. G., Dupont, A., Leclerc, A., Akue, J.-P. & Pinder, M. (1989). Differential recognition of Loa loa antigens by sera of human subjects from a loiasis endemic zone. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 41, 664–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karam, M., Schulz-Key, H. & Remme, J. (1987). Population dynamics of Onchocerca volvulus after 7 to 8 years of vector control in West Africa. Acta Tropica 44, 445–57.Google Scholar
Kemeny, D. M., Urbanek, R., Richards, D. & Greenall, C. (1987). Development of a semi-quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of human IgG subclass antibodies. Journal of Immunological Methods 96, 47–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwan-Lim, G. E., Forsyth, K. P. & Maizels, R. M. (1990). Filarial specific IgG4 response correlates with active Wuchereria bancrofti infection. Journal of Immunology 145, 4298–305.Google Scholar
Lal, R. B. & Ottesen, E. A. (1988). Enhanced diagnostic specificity in human filariasis by IgG4 antibody assessment. Journal of Infectious Diseases 158, 1034–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobos, E., Altman, M., Mengod, G., Weiss, N., Rudin, W. & Karam, M. (1990). Identification of an Onchocerca volvulus cDNA encoding a low molecular weight antigen uniquely recognised by onchocerciasis patient sera. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 39, 135–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobos, E., Weiss, N., Karam, M., Taylor, H. R., Ottesen, E. A. & Nutman, T. B. (1991). An immunogenic Onchocerca volvulus antigen: a specific and early marker of infection. Science 251, 1603–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lucius, R., Erondu, N., Kern, A. & Donelson, J. E. (1988). Molecular cloning of an immunodominant antigen of Onchocerca volvulus. Journal of Experimental Medicine 168, 1505–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lustigman, S., Brotman, B., Huima, T. & Prince, A. M. (1991). Characterization of an Onchocerca volvulus cDNA clone encoding a genus specific antigen present in infective larvae and adult worms. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 45, 65–76.Google Scholar
Lustigman, S., Brotman, S., Johnson, E. H., Smith, A. B., Huima, T. & Prince, A. M. (1992). Identification and characterisation of an Onchocerca volvulus cDNA clone encoding a microfilarial surface-associated antigen. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 50, 79–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maina, C. V., Riggs, P. D., Grandea, A. G. III, Slatko, B. E., Moran, L. S., Taglaiamonte, J. A., McReynolds, L. A. & Guan, C. (1989). An Escherichia coli vector to express and purify foreign proteins by fusion to and separation from maltose-binding protein. Gene 74, 365–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Remme, J., De Sole, G. & van Oortmarssen, G. J. (1990). The predicted and observed decline in onchocerciasis infection during 14 years of successful control of Simulium spp. in West Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 68, 331–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Roberts, J. D. M., Neumann, E., Gockel, C. W. & Highton, R. B. (1967). Onchocerciasis in Kenya 9, 11, and 18 years after elimination of the vector. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 37, 195–212.Google Scholar
Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. B. (1981). Biometry, 2nd edn.New York: Freeman.Google Scholar
Taylor, H. R. & Greene, B. M. (1989). The status of ivermectin in the treatment of human onchocerciasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 41, 460–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, H. R., Pacque, M., Munoz, B. & Greene, B. M. (1990). Impact of mass treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin on the transmission of infection. Science 250, 116–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsang, V. C. W., Boyer, A., Pilcher, J. B., Eberhard, M., Reimer, C. B., Zea-Flores, G., Zea-Flores, R., Zhou, W. & Richards, F. O. (1991). Guatemalan human onchocerciasis. 1. Systematic analysis of patient populations, nodular antigens and specific isotypic reactions. Journal of Immunology 146, 3993–4000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voller, A. & Desavigny, D. (1981). Diagnostic serology of tropical parasitic diseases. Journal of Immunological Methods 46, 1–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walsh, J. F., Davies, J. B. & Le Berre, R. (1979). Entomological aspects of the first five years of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta river basin. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologic 30, 328–44.Google Scholar
Weil, G. J., Ogunrinade, A. F., Chandrashekar, R. & Kale, O. O. (1990). IgG4 subclass antibody serology for onchocerciasis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 161, 549–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, N. & Karam, M. (1989). Evaluation of a specific enzyme immunoassay for onchocerciasis using a low molecular weight fraction of Onchocerca volvulus. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 40, 261–7.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1987). Third report of the Expert Committee on Onchocerciasis. WHO Technical Report Series No. 752, Geneva.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1987). Twelve years of onchocerciasis control in Western Africa (1987). World Health Statistics Annual, pp. 19–22. Geneva.Google Scholar