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Egg-specific expression of protein with DNA methyltransferase activity in the biocarcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2015

SEON-HEE KIM ,
HYE-JEONG CHO ,
WOON-MOK SOHN ,
CHUN-SEOB AHN ,
YOON KONG ,
HYUN-JONG YANG  and
YOUNG-AN BAE
SEON-HEE KIM
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
HYE-JEONG CHO
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
WOON-MOK SOHN
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
CHUN-SEOB AHN
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular Parasitology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
YOON KONG
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular Parasitology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
HYUN-JONG YANG
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
YOUNG-AN BAE*
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea. E-mail: yabae03@gmail.com
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Summary

Despite recent reports regarding the biology of cytosine methylation in Schistosoma mansoni, the impact of the regulatory machinery remains unclear in diverse platyhelminthes. This ambiguity is reinforced by discoveries of DNA methyltransferase 2 (DNMT2)-only organisms and the substrate specificity of DNMT2 preferential to RNA molecules. Here, we characterized a novel DNA methyltransferase, named CsDNMT2, in a liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis. The protein exhibited structural properties conserved in other members of the DNMT2 family. The native and recombinant CsDNMT2 exhibited considerable enzymatic activity on DNA. The spatiotemporal expression of CsDNMT2 mirrored that of 5-methylcytosine (5 mC), both of which were elevated in the C. sinensis eggs. However, CsDNMT2 and 5 mC were marginally detected in other histological regions of C. sinensis adults including ovaries and seminal receptacle. The methylation site seemed not related to genomic loci occupied by progenies of an active long-terminal-repeat retrotransposon. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that C. sinensis has preserved the functional DNA methylation machinery and that DNMT2 acts as a genuine alternative to DNMT1/DNMT3 to methylate DNA in the DNMT2-only organism. The epigenetic regulation would target functional genes primarily involved in the formation and/or maturation of eggs, rather than retrotransposons.

Keywords

Clonorchis sinensisDNA methylationDNMT25-methylcytosineDNA-dependent methyltransferaseegg development
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 142 , Issue 9 , August 2015 , pp. 1228 - 1238
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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