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Equine piroplasmosis: an insight into global exposure of equids from 1990 to 2019 by systematic review and meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2020

ThankGod E. Onyiche Open the ORCID record for ThankGod E. Onyiche [Opens in a new window] ,
Moeti O. Taioe ,
Nthatisi I. Molefe ,
Abdullahi A. Biu ,
Joshua Luka ,
Isaac J. Omeh ,
Naoaki Yokoyama  and
Oriel Thekisoe
ThankGod E. Onyiche*
Affiliation:
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom2520, South Africa Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, P. M. B. 1069, Maiduguri600230, Nigeria National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido080-8555, Japan
Moeti O. Taioe
Affiliation:
National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, South African National Biodiversity Institute, PO Box 754, Pretoria0001, South Africa
Nthatisi I. Molefe
Affiliation:
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom2520, South Africa
Abdullahi A. Biu
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, P. M. B. 1069, Maiduguri600230, Nigeria
Joshua Luka
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, P. M. B. 1069, Maiduguri600230, Nigeria
Isaac J. Omeh
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, P. M. B. 1069, Maiduguri600230, Nigeria
Naoaki Yokoyama
Affiliation:
National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido080-8555, Japan
Oriel Thekisoe
Affiliation:
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom2520, South Africa
*
Author for correspondence: ThankGod E. Onyiche, E-mail: et.onyiche@unimaid.edu.ng
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Abstract

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease of economic importance, relevant in the international movement of equids. The causative agents are at least two apicomplexan protozoan parasites Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. To date, there is no study that estimates global and regional exposure of equids to EP. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence and heterogeneity of EP using random-effects model. Six electronic databases were searched for publications on EP and assessed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 66 eligible studies published between 1990 and 2019 and representing 24 041 equids were included. The overall pooled prevalence estimates (PPEs) of B. caballi was 22.3% (95% CI 21.7–22.8), while the overall PPE for T. equi was 29.4% (95% CI 28.7–30.0). The overall pooled prevalence due to co-infection with both parasites was 11.8% (95% CI 11.32–12.32). Also, subgroup analysis according to sex, age, diagnostic technique, equid species, region and publication years showed a substantial degree of heterogeneity across studies computed for both B. caballi and T. equi infections in equids. Awareness of the current status of EP globally will alert the relevant authorities and stakeholders where necessary on the need for better preventive and control strategies against the disease.

Keywords

Apicomplexadonkeysequine piroplasmosishorsesmeta-analysis
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 147 , Issue 13 , November 2020 , pp. 1411 - 1424
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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