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Exploring the anthelmintic properties of Australian native shrubs with respect to their potential role in livestock grazing systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2009

A. C. KOTZE ,
J. O'GRADY ,
J. EMMS ,
A. F. TOOVEY ,
S. HUGHES ,
P. JESSOP ,
M. BENNELL ,
P. E. VERCOE  and
D. K. REVELL
A. C. KOTZE*
Affiliation:
CSIRO Livestock Industries, St Lucia, QLD, Australia Future Farm Industries Co-operative Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
J. O'GRADY
Affiliation:
CSIRO Livestock Industries, St Lucia, QLD, Australia Future Farm Industries Co-operative Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
J. EMMS
Affiliation:
South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia Future Farm Industries Co-operative Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
A. F. TOOVEY
Affiliation:
CSIRO Livestock Industries, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Wembley, WA, Australia Future Farm Industries Co-operative Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
S. HUGHES
Affiliation:
South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia Future Farm Industries Co-operative Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
P. JESSOP
Affiliation:
NSW Department of Primary Industries, Dareton, NSW, Australia Future Farm Industries Co-operative Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
M. BENNELL
Affiliation:
Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, Adelaide, SA, Australia Future Farm Industries Co-operative Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
P. E. VERCOE
Affiliation:
School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia Future Farm Industries Co-operative Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
D. K. REVELL
Affiliation:
CSIRO Livestock Industries, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Wembley, WA, Australia Future Farm Industries Co-operative Research Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
*
*Corresponding author: CSIRO Livestock Industries, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia. Tel: +61 7 3214 2355. Fax: +61 7 3214 2900. E-mail: andrew.kotze@csiro.au
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Summary

We measured in vitro anthelmintic activity in extracts from 85 species of Australian native shrub, with a view to identifying species able to provide a degree of worm control in grazing systems. Approximately 40% of the species showed significant activity in inhibiting development of Haemonchus contortus larvae. The most active extracts showed IC50 values of 60–300 μg/ml. Pre-incubation with polyvinylpolypyrrolidine removed the activity from some extracts, implicating tannins as the bioactive agent, while in other cases the pre-incubation had no effect, indicating the presence of other anthelmintic compounds. Plant reproductive maturity (onset of flowering or fruiting) was associated with increasing anthelmintic activity in some species. Variability was observed between plants of the same species growing in different environments, while variation between individual plants of the same species within a single field suggests the existence of distinct chemotypes. Significant activity against adult H. contortus worms in vitro was also demonstrated in a limited number of extracts tested against this life stage. Our study indicates that there is potential for Australian native shrubs to play an anthelmintic role in grazing systems, and highlights some plant biology factors which will need to be considered in order to maximize any anthelmintic effects.

Keywords

plant extractsperennial shrubtanninanthelminticHaemonchus contortus
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 136 , Issue 9 , August 2009 , pp. 1065 - 1080
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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