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Extending from PARs in Caenorhabditis elegans to homologues in Haemonchus contortus and other parasitic nematodes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 November 2006

S. NIKOLAOU  and
R. B. GASSER
S. NIKOLAOU
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia Primary Industries Research Victoria (Animal Genetics and Genomics), 475 Mickleham Road, Attwood, Victoria 3049, Australia
R. B. GASSER
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
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Abstract

Signal transduction molecules play key roles in the regulation of developmental processes, such as morphogenesis, organogenesis and cell differentiation in all organisms. They are organized into ‘pathways’ that represent a coordinated network of cell-surface receptors and intracellular molecules, being involved in sensing environmental stimuli and transducing signals to regulate or modulate cellular processes, such as gene expression and cytoskeletal dynamics. A particularly important group of molecules implicated in the regulation of the cytoskeleton for the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity is the PAR proteins (derived from partition defective in asymmetric cell division). The present article reviews salient aspects of PAR proteins involved in the early embryonic development and morphogenesis of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and some other organisms, with an emphasis on the molecule PAR-1. Recent advances in the knowledge and understanding of PAR-1 homologues from the economically important parasitic nematode, Haemonchus contortus, of small ruminants is summarized and discussed in the context of exploring avenues for future research in this area for parasitic nematodes.

Keywords

developmentsignal transductionPAR proteinsPAR-1nematodesCaenorhabditis elegansHaemonchus contortus (Strongylida)
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 134 , Issue 4 , April 2007 , pp. 461 - 482
Copyright
© 2006 Cambridge University Press

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