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Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax over time and space: a community-based study in rural Amazonia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2014

CAMILLA L. BATISTA ,
SUSANA BARBOSA ,
MELISSA DA SILVA BASTOS ,
SUSANA ARIANE S. VIANA  and
MARCELO U. FERREIRA
CAMILLA L. BATISTA
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
SUSANA BARBOSA
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
MELISSA DA SILVA BASTOS
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
SUSANA ARIANE S. VIANA
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
MARCELO U. FERREIRA*
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail: muferrei@usp.br
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Summary

To examine how community-level genetic diversity of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax varies across time and space, we investigated the dynamics of parasite polymorphisms during the early phases of occupation of a frontier settlement in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. Microsatellite characterization of 84 isolates of P. vivax sampled over 3 years revealed a moderate-to-high genetic diversity (mean expected heterozygosity, 0·699), with a large proportion (78·5%) of multiple-clone infections (MCI), but also a strong multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) consistent with rare outcrossing. Little temporal and no spatial clustering was observed in the distribution of parasite haplotypes. A single microsatellite haplotype was shared by 3 parasites collected during an outbreak; all other 81 haplotypes were recovered only once. The lowest parasite diversity, with the smallest proportion of MCI and the strongest LD, was observed at the time of the outbreak, providing a clear example of epidemic population structure in a human pathogen. Population genetic parameters returned to pre-outbreak values during last 2 years of study, despite the concomitant decline in malaria incidence. We suggest that parasite genotyping can be useful for tracking the spread of new parasite strains associated with outbreaks in areas approaching malaria elimination.

Keywords

Plasmodium vivaxmalaria; microsatellitespopulation geneticslinkage disequilibriumoutbreakmultiple-clone infectionAmazonia
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 142 , Issue 2 , February 2015 , pp. 374 - 384
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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