Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T02:34:53.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Herpetomonas ludwigi (Kramář, 1950) n.comb., the trypanosomatid parasite of cranefly larvae (Diptera, Tipulidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Keith Vickerman
Keith Vickerman
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Exeter
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

1. Herpetomonas ludwigi was found in 5–6% of larvae of Tipula paludosa in two out of three populations examined.

2. The developmental cycle is confined to the enteric caeca of the host. From a study of smears and sections of these organs it was concluded that the life cycle was composed of the following stages:

(a) A long-flagellated leptomonad stage which is short-lived and probably represents the form in which the flagellate enters the caeca from the mid-gut lumen; (b) a haptomonad or attached form in which the flagellum is short or absent: this probably represents the growth phase of the organism; (c) a crithidial phase which arises by a series of divisions from the haptomonad; (d) a small trypaniform stage which breaks free and lives in the lumen of the caecum; (e) a precystic flagellate; and (f) a small, thick-walled cyst.

3. This species is characterized by its restriction to the enteric caeca and the short duration of free swimming as opposed to attached stages in the life history. This second feature is a corollary of the first. The periodic contraction of the enteric caeca makes attachment obligatory throughout the growth and division stages. These contractions also serve to void cysts into the mid-gut whence they leave the larva with its dejecta to infect other larvae.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 50 , Issue 3-4 , November 1960 , pp. 351 - 363
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1960

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Barnes, H. F. (1937). Methods of investigating the bionomics of the common cranefly, Tipula paludosa Meigen, together with some results. Ann. Appl. Biol. 24, 356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, E. R. (1923). Observations on the morphology and life history of Herpetomonas muscae-domesticae in North American muscoid flies. J. Parasitol. 9, 199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnett, W. I. (1851). The organic relations of some of the infusoria, including investigations concerning the structure and nature of the genus Bodo (Ehr.). Proc. Boston. Soc. Nat. Hist. 4, 124.Google Scholar
Chiswell, J. R. (1956). A taxonomic account of the last instar larvae of British Tipulidae. Trans Roy. Ent. Soc. Lond. 108, 409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, T. B. (1959). Comparative morphology of four genera of the Trypanosomatidae. J. Protozool. 6, 277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delamater, E. D. (1951). A new staining and dehydration procedure for the handling of micro-organisms. Stain. Tech. 26, 199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbs, A. J. (1951). Leptomonas capsularis n.sp. and other flagellates parasitic in Cletus ochraceus (Hemiptera). Parasitology, 41, 128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibbs, A. J. (1954). Leptomonas cenaei sp.nov. from the digestive tract of Cenaeus carnifex (Hemiptera) with special reference to metacyclic forms. Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. 34, 245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grassé, P. P. (1952). Traité de Zoologie, Tome I, Fasc. I. Paris.Google Scholar
Hindle, E. (1912). What is the genus Leptomonas? Parasitology, 5, 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horne, R. W. & Newton, B. P. (1958). Fine structure of the kinetoplast blepharoplast complex. Exp. Cell Res. 15, 103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, W. S. (1880-1882). A Manual of the Infusoria. London.Google Scholar
Kramář, J. (1950). Parasites in the larvae of the Cranefly Tipula maxima Poda. Vestn. Ceskoslov. zool. Spolecn., 14, 35.Google Scholar
Ludwig, F. W. (1946). Studies on the protozoan fauna of the larvae of the cranefly Tipula abdominalis. I. Flagellates, amoebae and gregarines. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc. 65, 189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackinnon, D. (1910). Herpetomonads from the alimentary tract of certain dung flies. Parasitology, 3, 225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milne, A., Coggins, R. E. & Laughlin, R. (1958). The determination of numbers of leatherjackets in sample turves. J. Anim. Ecol. 27, 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minchin, E. A. & Thomson, J. D. (1915). The rat trypanosome, Trypanosoma lewisi, in its relation to the rat flea, Ceratophyllus fasciatus. Quart. J. micr. Sci. 60, 463.Google Scholar
Oldham, J. N. (1928). On the final larval instar of Tipula paludosa Meig. and Tipula lateralis Meig. Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edin. 21, 217.Google Scholar
Prowazek, S. von (1904). Die Entwicklung von Herpetomonas, einem mit demTrypanosomen verwandten Flagellaten. Arb. K. Gesundheitsamte, 20, 440.Google Scholar
Sorouri, P. (1955). The nuclear cytology of Leishmania tropica. J. Morph. 97, 393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenyon, C. M. (1913). Observations on Herpetomonas muscae-domesticae and some allied flagellates. Arch. Protistenk. 31, 1.Google Scholar
Wenyon, C. M. (1926). Protozoology, I. London.Google Scholar