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Hydrological modelling of snail dispersal patterns in Msambweni, Kenya and potential resurgence of Schistosoma haematobium transmission

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2006

J. A. CLENNON ,
C. H. KING ,
E. M. MUCHIRI  and
U. KITRON
J. A. CLENNON*
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
C. H. KING
Affiliation:
Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
E. M. MUCHIRI
Affiliation:
Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
U. KITRON
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
*
*Corresponding author and current address: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Tel: +410 955 3708. Fax: +410 955 0105. E-mail: jclennon@jhsph.edu
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Summary

Urinary schistosomiasis is an important source of human morbidity in Msambweni, Kenya, where the intermediate host snail, Bulinus nasutus is found in ponds and water pools. In the past, aquatic habitats in the area have been studied separately; however, recent collections of B. nasutus snails and shells indicated that many of these ponds are in fact connected during and following sufficient rains. Satellite imagery and a geographical information system (GIS) were used to survey the main water courses and potential drainage routes, to locate potential source populations of snails and to determine probable snail dispersal routes. The 2 water bodies implicated as being the most important Schistosoma haematobium transmission foci in the area were found to differ in their degree of connectivity to other B. nasutus source habitats. One pond becomes connected even after normal rains, while the other pond requires prolonged rains or flooding to become connected with source habitats. Consequently, the transmission foci differ in their susceptibility to snail population control measures. Spatially explicit dispersal models that consider the spatial and temporal patterns of connectivity between aquatic habitats will contribute to improved snail surveillance and more focused control for urinary schistosomiasis at a local level.

Keywords

Bulinus nasutusdispersaleco-epidemiologyGIShydrologyremote sensingSchistosoma haematobiumschistosomiasissnailKenya
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 134 , Issue 5 , May 2006 , pp. 683 - 693
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

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